[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
About the Journal
Editorial Board
Aims & Scope
Journal News
Articles archive::
All Issues
Current Issue
Browse by Authors
Browse by Keywords
For Authors::
Call for Papers
Submission Instruction
Submission Form
For Reviewers::
Reviewers Section
Registration::
Registration Information
Registration Form
Contact us::
Contact Information
Contact us
Site Facilities::
Site map
Search contents
FAQ
Top 10 contents
Inform to friends
Indexing and Abstracting::
Reviewers::
Publication Ethics::
Copyright and Licensing::
Fees and Charges::
Open Access Statement::
::
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
:: Volume 10, Issue 1 (Spring & Summer 2025) ::
FOP 2025, 10(1): 17-34 Back to browse issues page
Rooting response of variegated bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. ‛Raspberry Ice’) to indole butyric acid treatment and cutting type
Nematollah Etemadi * , Mehdi Ghaedamini , Maryam Haghighi , Rahim Amirikhah , Leyla Cheheltanan
Department of Horticulture, Collage of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology
Abstract:   (1653 Views)
'Raspberry ice' bougainvillea with colorful and beautiful bracts has a great significance in landscape design and green spaces. Cutting propagation is the most cost-effective method for this plant, but the cuttings are difficult to root. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effect of two types of cutting (hardwood and semi-hardwood cuttings) and different concentrations of indole butyric acid (0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 mg L-1) to improve the rooting of 'Raspberry Ice' bougainvillea cuttings. This experiment was carried out in a factorial design based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that the rooting percentage, root and shoot length, number of roots, leaves, and lateral branches, and root and shoot fresh and dry weight in hardwood cuttings were higher than in semi-hardwood cuttings. The starch and soluble carbohydrate content in semi-hardwood cuttings were 35.10% and 73.24% higher than in hardwood cuttings, respectively. The highest percentage of rooting was related to the application of 1000 mg L-1 indole butyric acid in woody cuttings, which showed an 84.53% increase compared to the corresponding control treatment. The lowest percentage of rooting was related to the application of indole butyric acid at 4000 mg. L-1 on semi-hardwood cuttings, not significantly different compared to the control treatment. The application of 1000 mg L-1 indole butyric acid resulted in a 41.58% and 45.28% increase in the number of lateral branches and leaves compared to the control. The application of higher concentrations of indole butyric acid, especially at 4000 mg L-1, harmed the root and growth characteristics of the plant. Furthermore, the lowest starch and soluble carbohydrate content belonged to the treatments of 2000 and 1000 mg L-1 of indole butyric acid, indicating the breakdown of these compounds to provide the necessary materials for improving root formation and growth of 'Raspberry Ice' bougainvillea cuttings. In general, the use of hardwood cuttings and the application of 1000 and 2000 mg L-1 indole butyric acid had a positive effect on the growth and rooting characteristics of 'Raspberry Ice' bougainvillea cuttings.
Keywords: 'Raspberry Ice' bougainvillea, Indole butyric acid, Rooting, Semi-hardwood cutting, Hardwood cutting
Full-Text [PDF 513 kb]   (310 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2024/06/16 | Accepted: 2024/12/30 | Published: 2025/04/28
References
1. Ahmad, N., Ishtiaq, M., Nabi, G. (2002). Influence of various concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) on different types of Bougainvillea glabra var. variegata cuttings. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 18(3), 263-270.
2. Apine, I., Megre, D., Dokane, K., Kondratovics, U., Tomsone, S. (2021, March). Effect of exogenous auxin application on starch concentration during adventitious root formation of deciduous azalea 'Madame Debene' cuttings. In IV International Symposium on Woody Ornamentals of the Temperate Zone, 1331, 107-114. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1331.15]
3. Aslmoshtaghi, E., Shahsavar, A. R. (2010). Endogenous soluble sugars, starch contents and phenolic compounds in easy-and difficult-to-root olive cuttings. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 4(11), 83-86.
4. Blythe, E. K., Sibley, J. L., Ruter, J. M., Tilt, K. M. (2004). Cutting propagation of foliage crops using a foliar application of auxin. Scientia Horticulturae, 103(1), 31-37. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2004.04.011]
5. Chen, H., Hong, L., Ren, A., Yu, K., Wang, K., He, S., Liu, C. Xing, J. (2023). Growth regulators on the shooting and rooting of Tamarix chinensis stem cuttings. Rhizosphere, 25, 679-690. [DOI:10.1016/j.rhisph.2023.100679]
6. Chen, H., Lei, Y., Sun, J., Ma, M., Deng, P., Quan, J. E., Bi, H. (2023). Effects of different growth hormones on rooting and endogenous hormone content of two Morus alba L. cuttings. Horticulturae, 9(5), 542-552. [DOI:10.3390/horticulturae9050552]
7. Chowdhary, K., Singh, G., Aulakh, P. S. (2022). Effect of different concentration of Indole butyric acid on survival and rooting performance of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Research, 11, 8191-8194.
8. Denaxa, N. K., Vemmos, S. N., Roussos, P. A. (2012). The role of endogenous carbohydrates and seasonal variation in rooting ability of cuttings of an easy and a hard to root olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 143, 19-28. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2012.05.026]
9. Fathi, M., Zarei, H., Varsteh, F. (2017). The effect of natural and chemical compounds on rooting traits of bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis L.). Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 7 (3), 181-192.
10. Huang, T., Zhang, H., Sheng, Q., Zhu, Z. (2022). Morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical changes during adventitious root formation of Bougainvillea buttiana 'Miss Manila'. Horticulturae, 8 (12), 1156-1168. [DOI:10.3390/horticulturae8121156]
11. Karam, N. S., Gebre, G. H. (2004). Rooting of Cercis siliquastrum cuttings influenced by cutting position on the branch and indole-butyric acid, The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 79(5), 792-796. [DOI:10.1080/14620316.2004.11511844]
12. Kesari, V., Das, A., Rangan, L. (2010). Effect of genotype and auxin treatments on rooting response in stem cuttings of CPTs of Pongamia pinnata, a potential biodiesel legume crop. Current Science, 3, 1234-1237.
13. Khan, M. A., Khurram, Z., Iftikhar, A. (2004). Effect of various hormones and different rootstocks on rose propagation. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(10), 1643-1646. [DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2004.1643.1646]
14. Khandaker, M.M., Saidi, A., Badaluddin, N.A., Yusoff, N., Majrashi, A., Alenazi, M.M., Saifuddin, M., Alam, M.A. Mohd, K.S., )2022(. Effects of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and rooting media on rooting and survival of air layered wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) cv. Jambu Madu. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 25, 82-95. [DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.256277]
15. Kontoh, I. H. (2016). Effect of growth regulators and soil media on the propagation of Voacanga africana stem cuttings. Agroforestry Systems, 90(3), 479-488. [DOI:10.1007/s10457-015-9870-2]
16. Loconsole, D., Cristiano, G., De Lucia, B. (2022). Image Analysis of Adventitious Root Quality in Wild Sage and Glossy Abelia Cuttings after Application of Different Indole-3-Butyric Acid Concentrations. Plants 11, 290. [DOI:10.3390/plants11030290]
17. Manokari, M., Shekhawat, M. S. (2016). Implications of auxins in induction of adventitious roots from leaf explants of cannon ball tree (Couroupita guianensis Aubl.). World Scientific News, 33, 109-121. [DOI:10.1155/2016/6587571]
18. Mehraj, H., Shiam, I. H., Taufique, T., Shahrin, S., Jamal Uddin, A. F. M. (2013). Influence of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on sprouting and rooting potential of Bougainvillea spectabilis cuttings. Bangladesh Research Publications Journal, 9(1), 44-49.
19. Patel, H. R., Patel, M. J., Singh, S. U. M. I. T. (2017). Effect of different levels of IBA and NAA on rooting of hardwood and semi hardwood cutting in fig. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, 7(4), 519-524. [DOI:10.24247/ijasraug201767]
20. Pathlan, N., Singh, G., Chhabr, A., Kour, H., Beniwal, B. (2022). The Effect of Various Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) Levels on the Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Peach (Prunus persica L.). Annals of Biology, 38 (2), 263-267.
21. Pirdastan, M., Aboutalebi Jahromi, A., Hassanzadeh Khankahdani, H. (2020). Effect of hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid and indolic-3-butyric acid on root induction and development in cuttings of Bougainvillea spectabilis. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 10 (3), 145-154.
22. Rashoudi, Z., Abotalebi, A., Chehrazi, M. (2015). Effect of cutting size and IBA concentrations on rooting of hard wood cuttings in Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Plant Production, 37(3), 93-103 (In Persian).
23. Rowell, D.L. (1996). Soil Science Methods and Application, Department of Soil Science. Uneversity of Reading, 368p.
24. Safari Motlagh, M., KavianI, B., Mohammadi, A. M. (2015).Simultaneous effects of different levels of indole butyric acid and inoculation with growth promoting bacteria on some growth and biochemical traits of olive (Olea europaea L.) scion. Plant Environment Physiology, 14, 13-25 (In Persian).
25. Seyedi, A., Esmaeili, A., Zadeh, K., Posiabidi, M. (2014). Comparative evaluation of the rooting in cuttings in Bougainvillea glabra L. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences, 3(8), 872-875.
26. Shahhoseini, R., Moghaddam, M., Kiani, D. and Mansori, R. (2015). Effect of different concentrations of IBA and NAA on rooting of semi-hardwood cuttings of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 31(4), 576-586 (In Persian).
27. Sheligl, H. Q. (1986). Die verwertung orgngischer souren durch chlorella lincht. Planta, 47, 510-521. [DOI:10.1007/BF01935418]
28. Shrestha, J., Bhandari, N., Baral, S., Marahatta, S.P. and Pun, U. (2023). Effect of rooting hormones and media on vegetative propagation of Bougainvillea. Ornamental Horticulture, 29(3), 397-406. [DOI:10.1590/2447-536x.v29i3.2637]
29. Singh, N. (2012). Effect of indole butyric acid (IBA) concentration on sprouting, rooting and callusing potential in bougainvillea stem cuttings. Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 7(2), 209-210. [DOI:10.24154/jhs.v7i2.378]
30. Wojtania, A., Skrzypek, E., Marasek-Ciolakowska, A. (2019). Soluble sugar, starch and phenolic status during rooting of easy-and difficult-to-root magnolia cultivars. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 136, 499-510. [DOI:10.1007/s11240-018-01532-z]
31. Yeshiwas, T., Alemayehu, M., Alemayehu, G. (2015). Effects of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) and Stem Cuttings on Growth of Stenting-Propagated Rose in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 11, 191-197.
32. Ziarati zakeri B, Soleimani Z, Rastegar S. (2019). Cutting at different times to improve rooting and vegetative properties of Bougainvillea cuttings. Flower and Ornamental Plants, 3 (2), 55-62.
33. Ahmad, N., Ishtiaq, M., Nabi, G. (2002). Influence of various concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) on different types of Bougainvillea glabra var. variegata cuttings. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 18(3), 263-270.
34. Apine, I., Megre, D., Dokane, K., Kondratovics, U., Tomsone, S. (2021, March). Effect of exogenous auxin application on starch concentration during adventitious root formation of deciduous azalea 'Madame Debene' cuttings. In IV International Symposium on Woody Ornamentals of the Temperate Zone, 1331, 107-114. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1331.15]
35. Aslmoshtaghi, E., Shahsavar, A. R. (2010). Endogenous soluble sugars, starch contents and phenolic compounds in easy-and difficult-to-root olive cuttings. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 4(11), 83-86.
36. Blythe, E. K., Sibley, J. L., Ruter, J. M., Tilt, K. M. (2004). Cutting propagation of foliage crops using a foliar application of auxin. Scientia Horticulturae, 103(1), 31-37. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2004.04.011]
37. Chen, H., Hong, L., Ren, A., Yu, K., Wang, K., He, S., Liu, C. Xing, J. (2023). Growth regulators on the shooting and rooting of Tamarix chinensis stem cuttings. Rhizosphere, 25, 679-690. [DOI:10.1016/j.rhisph.2023.100679]
38. Chen, H., Lei, Y., Sun, J., Ma, M., Deng, P., Quan, J. E., Bi, H. (2023). Effects of different growth hormones on rooting and endogenous hormone content of two Morus alba L. cuttings. Horticulturae, 9(5), 542-552. [DOI:10.3390/horticulturae9050552]
39. Chowdhary, K., Singh, G., Aulakh, P. S. (2022). Effect of different concentration of Indole butyric acid on survival and rooting performance of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Research, 11, 8191-8194.
40. Denaxa, N. K., Vemmos, S. N., Roussos, P. A. (2012). The role of endogenous carbohydrates and seasonal variation in rooting ability of cuttings of an easy and a hard to root olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 143, 19-28. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2012.05.026]
41. Fathi, M., Zarei, H., Varsteh, F. (2017). The effect of natural and chemical compounds on rooting traits of bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis L.). Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 7 (3), 181-192.
42. Huang, T., Zhang, H., Sheng, Q., Zhu, Z. (2022). Morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical changes during adventitious root formation of Bougainvillea buttiana 'Miss Manila'. Horticulturae, 8 (12), 1156-1168. [DOI:10.3390/horticulturae8121156]
43. Karam, N. S., Gebre, G. H. (2004). Rooting of Cercis siliquastrum cuttings influenced by cutting position on the branch and indole-butyric acid, The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 79(5), 792-796. [DOI:10.1080/14620316.2004.11511844]
44. Kesari, V., Das, A., Rangan, L. (2010). Effect of genotype and auxin treatments on rooting response in stem cuttings of CPTs of Pongamia pinnata, a potential biodiesel legume crop. Current Science, 3, 1234-1237.
45. Khan, M. A., Khurram, Z., Iftikhar, A. (2004). Effect of various hormones and different rootstocks on rose propagation. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(10), 1643-1646. [DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2004.1643.1646]
46. Khandaker, M.M., Saidi, A., Badaluddin, N.A., Yusoff, N., Majrashi, A., Alenazi, M.M., Saifuddin, M., Alam, M.A. Mohd, K.S., )2022(. Effects of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and rooting media on rooting and survival of air layered wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) cv. Jambu Madu. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 25, 82-95. [DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.256277]
47. Kontoh, I. H. (2016). Effect of growth regulators and soil media on the propagation of Voacanga africana stem cuttings. Agroforestry Systems, 90(3), 479-488. [DOI:10.1007/s10457-015-9870-2]
48. Loconsole, D., Cristiano, G., De Lucia, B. (2022). Image Analysis of Adventitious Root Quality in Wild Sage and Glossy Abelia Cuttings after Application of Different Indole-3-Butyric Acid Concentrations. Plants 11, 290. [DOI:10.3390/plants11030290]
49. Manokari, M., Shekhawat, M. S. (2016). Implications of auxins in induction of adventitious roots from leaf explants of cannon ball tree (Couroupita guianensis Aubl.). World Scientific News, 33, 109-121. [DOI:10.1155/2016/6587571]
50. Mehraj, H., Shiam, I. H., Taufique, T., Shahrin, S., Jamal Uddin, A. F. M. (2013). Influence of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on sprouting and rooting potential of Bougainvillea spectabilis cuttings. Bangladesh Research Publications Journal, 9(1), 44-49.
51. Patel, H. R., Patel, M. J., Singh, S. U. M. I. T. (2017). Effect of different levels of IBA and NAA on rooting of hardwood and semi hardwood cutting in fig. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, 7(4), 519-524. [DOI:10.24247/ijasraug201767]
52. Pathlan, N., Singh, G., Chhabr, A., Kour, H., Beniwal, B. (2022). The Effect of Various Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) Levels on the Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Peach (Prunus persica L.). Annals of Biology, 38 (2), 263-267.
53. Pirdastan, M., Aboutalebi Jahromi, A., Hassanzadeh Khankahdani, H. (2020). Effect of hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid and indolic-3-butyric acid on root induction and development in cuttings of Bougainvillea spectabilis. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 10 (3), 145-154.
54. Rashoudi, Z., Abotalebi, A., Chehrazi, M. (2015). Effect of cutting size and IBA concentrations on rooting of hard wood cuttings in Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Plant Production, 37(3), 93-103 (In Persian).
55. Rowell, D.L. (1996). Soil Science Methods and Application, Department of Soil Science. Uneversity of Reading, 368p.
56. Safari Motlagh, M., KavianI, B., Mohammadi, A. M. (2015).Simultaneous effects of different levels of indole butyric acid and inoculation with growth promoting bacteria on some growth and biochemical traits of olive (Olea europaea L.) scion. Plant Environment Physiology, 14, 13-25 (In Persian).
57. Seyedi, A., Esmaeili, A., Zadeh, K., Posiabidi, M. (2014). Comparative evaluation of the rooting in cuttings in Bougainvillea glabra L. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences, 3(8), 872-875.
58. Shahhoseini, R., Moghaddam, M., Kiani, D. and Mansori, R. (2015). Effect of different concentrations of IBA and NAA on rooting of semi-hardwood cuttings of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 31(4), 576-586 (In Persian).
59. Sheligl, H. Q. (1986). Die verwertung orgngischer souren durch chlorella lincht. Planta, 47, 510-521. [DOI:10.1007/BF01935418]
60. Shrestha, J., Bhandari, N., Baral, S., Marahatta, S.P. and Pun, U. (2023). Effect of rooting hormones and media on vegetative propagation of Bougainvillea. Ornamental Horticulture, 29(3), 397-406. [DOI:10.1590/2447-536x.v29i3.2637]
61. Singh, N. (2012). Effect of indole butyric acid (IBA) concentration on sprouting, rooting and callusing potential in bougainvillea stem cuttings. Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 7(2), 209-210. [DOI:10.24154/jhs.v7i2.378]
62. Wojtania, A., Skrzypek, E., Marasek-Ciolakowska, A. (2019). Soluble sugar, starch and phenolic status during rooting of easy-and difficult-to-root magnolia cultivars. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 136, 499-510. [DOI:10.1007/s11240-018-01532-z]
63. Yeshiwas, T., Alemayehu, M., Alemayehu, G. (2015). Effects of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) and Stem Cuttings on Growth of Stenting-Propagated Rose in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 11, 191-197.
64. Ziarati zakeri B, Soleimani Z, Rastegar S. (2019). Cutting at different times to improve rooting and vegetative properties of Bougainvillea cuttings. Flower and Ornamental Plants, 3 (2), 55-62.
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA

XML   Persian Abstract   Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Etemadi N, Ghaedamini M, Haghighi M, Amirikhah R, Cheheltanan L. Rooting response of variegated bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. ‛Raspberry Ice’) to indole butyric acid treatment and cutting type. FOP 2025; 10 (1) :17-34
URL: http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-309-en.html
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 10, Issue 1 (Spring & Summer 2025) Back to browse issues page
گل و گیاهان زینتی Flower and Ornamental Plants
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.05 seconds with 37 queries by YEKTAWEB 4732