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:: Volume 7, Issue 1 (Spring and Summer 2022) ::
FOP 2022, 7(1): 1-12 Back to browse issues page
Investigation of canonical correlation's functions of morphological and phytochemical traits in two varieties of wild tulips in altitudes of Zanjan
Fatemeh Bidarnamani * , Majid Soltani Paji , Seyed Najmmaddin Mortazavi
I University of Zabol
Abstract:   (2051 Views)
Tulipa is one of the most important bulbous plants in the world which is highly distributed in many parts of our country. This research was conducted to explain the correlation of canonical functions between morphological and phytochemical traits of two species of wild tulips: Tulipa montana var. montana (with red flower) and T. montana var. chrysantha (with yellow flower) collected from the altitudes of Qeydar city of Zanjan province. Measured phytochemical traits were phenol, flavonoids and antioxidants of flowers and bulbs and chlorophyll a in both varieties of tulip, morphological traits such as petal length, bulb diameter, fresh weight of plants, plant height and the height of rhizome. Data analysis was performed to determine the correlation relationship and Wilks' Lambda, Pillai's Trace, Hotelling-Lawley Trace and Roy's Greatest Root tests were used to define the relationships between variables. The results of this study showed that three functions were only fitted between four canonical functions and the highest special value was 224 and it belonged to Roy's Greatest Root. Three first canonical variables of morphological traits fit 91% of the canonical correlation between variables which this rate of correlation is higher than phytochemical traits. The highest percentage of fitness (0.76%) in morphological traits was belonged to the first canonical function; which shows the first canonical function fit the canonical correlation relationships in morphological traits better than others. Also, comparison of two types of traits in red and yellow tulips showed that morphological traits can establish a significant relationship with the canonical correlation better than phytochemical traits. Analysis of canonical correlation equations displayed that the amount of phenol in bulb and petal flavonoid decreased with a coefficient by reduction in petal length. Also, the amount of phenol in petal, flavonoid in bulb and antioxidant in petal enhanced by reduction of petal length. Phenol in tulip bulbs and antioxidant amount of petal showed a direct correlation with tulip bulb diameter. Also, reduction in tulip height reduced the amount of petal and bulb’s phenol, bulb flavonoid and petal’s antioxidants, while the content of petal flavonoids increased significantly. Based on the result of this study, researcher will select the best plant according to their ultimate goal of producing or collecting wild tulips, considering the relationship between morphological and phytochemical traits.
 
Keywords: Bulb, canonical equations, canonical variable, petal, phenol
Full-Text [PDF 495 kb]   (427 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2021/11/2 | Accepted: 2022/02/6 | Published: 2022/09/29
References
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2. Alavi-Siney, S., Saba, J. (2016). Studying the association between physiological and agronomical characteristics of different wheat genotypes in dryland condition using canonical correlation analysis. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 7(1), 13-23.
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4. Bidarnamani, F., Mortazavi, S.N., Rahimi, M. (2020). Canonical correlation analysis for determination of relationship between morphological and physiological pollinated characteristics in five varieties of phalaenopsis. Journal of ornamental plants, 10(4), 205-213.
5. Bidarnamani, F., Mortazavi, S.N., Rahimi, M. (2020). Study of correlation and cluster analysis of seed germination characteristics in 5 cultivars of Phalaenopsis orchid in Chen medium. Flower and Ornamental Plants, 4(2), 101-114. [DOI:10.29252/flowerjournal.4.2.101]
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22. Mousavizadeh, S., Hassandokht, M.R. Kashi, A. (2018). Analysis of nutrients content of Iranian Asparagus species and its relationship with environmental conditions by canonical correlation. Plant Production Technology, 18(2), 1-13.
23. Regazzi, A.J, Carneiro, P.C.S. (2004). Biometric Models Applied to Genetic Improvement. volume 2. 3rd Edition. UFV Pub. 668 p.
24. Saba, J., Tavana, S., Qorbanin, Z., Shadan, E., Shekari, F., Jabbari, F. (2018). Canonical correlation analysis to determine the best traits for indirect improvement of wheat grain yield under terminal drought stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 20(5), 1037-1048.
25. Salar, A., Jamzadeh, Z., Tavasoli, A. (2010). Anatomy study on Iranian tulip bulbs (Tulipa spp). Taxonomy and Biosystematic Journal, 1, 45-56.
26. Shao, Q.S., Guo, Q.S., Deng, Y. M., Guo, H.P. 2010. A comparative analysis of genetic diversity in medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium based on morphology, ISSR and SRAP markers. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 38, 1160-1169. [DOI:10.1016/j.bse.2010.11.002]
27. Uurtio, V., Monteiro, J.M., Kandola, J., Shawe-Taylor, J., Fernandez-Reyes, D., Rousu, J. (2018). A tutorial on canonical correlation methods. ACM Computing Surveys. 50(6), 1-33. [DOI:10.1145/3136624]
28. Wojdylo, A., Oszmianski, J., Czemerys, R. 2007. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs, Food Chemistry, 105, 940-949. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.038]
29. Akbarian, A., Rahimmalek, M., Sabzalian, M.R., Saeidi, G.H. (2017). Assessment of Phytochemical, Morphological and Antioxidant Variation of Bilehar (Dorema aucheri) Population cultivated in different environmental conditions. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 16(2), 1-17.
30. Alavi-Siney, S., Saba, J. (2016). Studying the association between physiological and agronomical characteristics of different wheat genotypes in dryland condition using canonical correlation analysis. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 7(1), 13-23.
31. Bagheri, H., Saki, S. 2017. Requirements and Guidelines for the Preservation of Genetic Resources of Ornamental Plants in Iran. Flower and Ornamental Plants, 1(2), 24-33.
32. Bidarnamani, F., Mortazavi, S.N., Rahimi, M. (2020). Canonical correlation analysis for determination of relationship between morphological and physiological pollinated characteristics in five varieties of phalaenopsis. Journal of ornamental plants, 10(4), 205-213.
33. Bidarnamani, F., Mortazavi, S.N., Rahimi, M. (2020). Study of correlation and cluster analysis of seed germination characteristics in 5 cultivars of Phalaenopsis orchid in Chen medium. Flower and Ornamental Plants, 4(2), 101-114. [DOI:10.29252/flowerjournal.4.2.101]
34. Cao, G., Prior, R.L. (1998). Comparison of different analytical methods for assessing total antioxidant capacity of human serum. Clinical Chemistry, 44(6), 1309-1315. [DOI:10.1093/clinchem/44.6.1309]
35. Cankaya, S., Balkaya, A., Karaagac, O. (2010). Canonical correlation analysis for the determination of relationships between plant characters and yield components in red pepper [Capsicum annuum L. var. conoides (Mill.) Irish] genotypes. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(1), 67-73. [DOI:10.5424/sjar/2010081-1144]
36. Cargnin, A. (2019). Canonical correlations among grapevine agronomic and processing characteristics. Acta Scientiarum. 41(2), 31-46. [DOI:10.4025/actasciagron.v41i1.42619]
37. Carvalho, I.R, Souza, V.Q., Nardino, M., Follmann, D.N., Schmidt, D., Baretta, D. (2015). Canonical correlations between morphological traits and yield components in dual purpose wheat. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 50(8), 690-697. [DOI:10.1590/S0100-204X2015000800007]
38. Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H., Chern, J. 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analaysis, 10, 178-182. [DOI:10.38212/2224-6614.2748]
39. Dunetman, G.H. (1984). Introduction to Multivariate Analysis.Sage Publication, Beverly Hills, USA. 237p.
40. Hajyan, V., Roein, Z., Arminian, L. 2020. Evaluation of morphological diversity of some populations of anemone (Anemone spp. L.) in Iran. Flower and Ornamental Plants, 5(2), 81-98. [DOI:10.52547/flowerjournal.5.2.81]
41. Hotelling, H. (1936). Relations between two sets of varieties. Biometrika, 28(3/4), 321-377. [DOI:10.1093/biomet/28.3-4.321]
42. Khaleghi, A., Khadivi, A. and Zonneveld, B.J.M. 2018. Morphological variations among and within species of wild tulip (Tulipa L.) from Iran. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 10.1007/s10722-018-0688-4. [DOI:10.1007/s10722-018-0688-4]
43. Khanafshar, S.H., Sheidai, M., Zahed, B. 2004. Phenetic study of flower diversity in Tulipa Montana Lindil. (Liliaceae) populations in Iran. Environmental Science, 1(2); 17-25.
44. Kiani, M., Memariani, F., Zarghami, H. 2012. Molecular analysis of species of Tulipa L. from Iran based on ISSR markers. Plant Systematic and Evolution. 298, 1515-1522. [DOI:10.1007/s00606-012-0654-0]
45. Krzyminska, A., Gasecka, M., Magdziak, Z. (2020). Content of phenolic Compounds and organic acids in the flowers of selected Tulipa gesneriana Cultivars. Molecules, 25(1), 1-15. [DOI:10.3390/molecules25235627]
46. Liu, J., Drane, W., Liu, X., Wu, T. (2009). Examination of the relationships between environmental exposures to violate organic compounds and biochemical liver tests: application of canonical analysis. Environment of Resources, 109, 193-199. [DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2008.11.002]
47. Mathew, B. (1987). Smaller bulbs The Royal Horticultural Society, London.
48. Matin, F. (1998). Iranian Tulips. Publication of Agricultural Research, Education and Development Tehran, Iran.
49. Mohammadi, Alaghoz, R., Darvishzadeh, R., Alijanpour, A., Razi, M. (2021). Assessment of relationship between morphological variability in sumac population and environmental variants by canonical correlation analysis, Journal of Forest Research and Development, 6(4), 627-643.
50. Mousavizadeh, S., Hassandokht, M.R. Kashi, A. (2018). Analysis of nutrients content of Iranian Asparagus species and its relationship with environmental conditions by canonical correlation. Plant Production Technology, 18(2), 1-13.
51. Regazzi, A.J, Carneiro, P.C.S. (2004). Biometric Models Applied to Genetic Improvement. volume 2. 3rd Edition. UFV Pub. 668 p.
52. Saba, J., Tavana, S., Qorbanin, Z., Shadan, E., Shekari, F., Jabbari, F. (2018). Canonical correlation analysis to determine the best traits for indirect improvement of wheat grain yield under terminal drought stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 20(5), 1037-1048.
53. Salar, A., Jamzadeh, Z., Tavasoli, A. (2010). Anatomy study on Iranian tulip bulbs (Tulipa spp). Taxonomy and Biosystematic Journal, 1, 45-56.
54. Shao, Q.S., Guo, Q.S., Deng, Y. M., Guo, H.P. 2010. A comparative analysis of genetic diversity in medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium based on morphology, ISSR and SRAP markers. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 38, 1160-1169. [DOI:10.1016/j.bse.2010.11.002]
55. Uurtio, V., Monteiro, J.M., Kandola, J., Shawe-Taylor, J., Fernandez-Reyes, D., Rousu, J. (2018). A tutorial on canonical correlation methods. ACM Computing Surveys. 50(6), 1-33. [DOI:10.1145/3136624]
56. Wojdylo, A., Oszmianski, J., Czemerys, R. 2007. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs, Food Chemistry, 105, 940-949. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.038]
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Bidarnamani F, Soltani Paji M, Mortazavi S N. Investigation of canonical correlation's functions of morphological and phytochemical traits in two varieties of wild tulips in altitudes of Zanjan. FOP 2022; 7 (1) :1-12
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Volume 7, Issue 1 (Spring and Summer 2022) Back to browse issues page
گل و گیاهان زینتی Flower and Ornamental Plants
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