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:: Volume 8, Issue 1 (Spring and Summer 2023) ::
FOP 2023, 8(1): 77-88 Back to browse issues page
Identification and distribution of endophytic fungi associated with the stem and bark of old and young plane trees (Platanus orientalis L.) in the urban landscape
Soheila Khorsandi , Ali Nikbakht * , Mohammad R. Sabzalian
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract:   (1695 Views)
Microorganisms associated with healthy plant tissues that endure for some or all of their life cycle without causing the host to exhibit disease symptoms are endophytes. One of Iran's most popular ornamental plants is the plane tree (Platanus orientalis L.), which can live up to 1000 years. We looked for fungal endophytes in the sapwood and bark of young and old plane trees in three cities in central Iran: Mahallat, Natanz, and Isfahan. According to a gridded sampling strategy, samples were taken from young (less than 100 years old) and old (200-1000 years old) trees that were randomly selected as replications. The findings showed that Mahallat had a higher density of fungal endophytes. Mahallat, which has higher rainfall and a lower yearly temperature, had the largest species richness, according to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Over all sites, older trees considerably outperformed younger ones in terms of endophyte frequency and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Our findings also imply that the tissue type has a discernible impact on the frequency of fungal endophytes and species diversity; higher isolate frequency was observed in bark tissue, but higher species diversity was discovered in stems. According to the identification of endophytic fungi based on morphology and rDNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) sequences, the most prevalent fungal endophytes were Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., and Ulocladium sp.
Keywords: Diversity, Endophyte, Platanus orientalis, Taxonomy
Full-Text [PDF 322 kb]   (563 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2022/10/8 | Accepted: 2023/02/13 | Published: 2023/12/10
References
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5. Collado J., Platas G., Pelaez F. 2001. Identification of an endophytic Nodulisporium sp. from Quercus ilex in central Spain as the anamorph of Biscogniauxia mediterranea by rDNA sequence analysis and effect of different ecological factors on distribution of the fungus. Mycologia, 5, 875-886. [DOI:10.1080/00275514.2001.12063222]
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7. Diamandis S. 2004. Platanusorientalis, a divine gift for Greece. www.dendrology.org.
8. Gore M. E., Bucak C. 2007. Geographical and seasonal influences on the distribution of fungal endophytes in Laurus nobilis. Forest Pathology, 37, 281-288. [DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0329.2007.00509.x]
9. Guo L. D., Huang G. R., Wang Y. 2008. Seasonal and tissue age influences on endophytic fungi of Pinus tabulaeformis (Pinaceae) in the Dongling mountains, Beijing. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50, 997-1003. [DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00394.x]
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20. Mello A., Napoli C., Murat C., Morin E., Marceddu G., Bonfante P. 2011. ITS-1 versus ITS-2 pyrosequencing: a comparison of fungal populations in truffle grounds. Mycologia, 103, 1184-1193 [DOI:10.3852/11-027]
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23. Oses R., Valenzuela S., Freer J., Sanfuentes E., Rodrigues J. 2008. Fungal endophytes in xylem of healthy Chilean trees and their possible role in early wood decay. Fungal Diversity, 33, 77-86.
24. Rodriguez R., Henson J., Volkenburgh E. V., Hoy M., Wright L., Beckwith F., Kim Y. O., Redman R. S. 2008. Stress tolerance in plants via habitat-adapted symbiosis. The ISME Journal, 2, 404-416. [DOI:10.1038/ismej.2007.106]
25. Rodriguez R., Redman R. 2008. More than 400 million years of evolution and some plants still can't make it on their own: plant stress tolerance via fungal symbiosis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59, 1109-1114. [DOI:10.1093/jxb/erm342]
26. Rodriguez R., Redman R., Henson J. 2004. The role of fungal symbioses in the adaptation of plants to high stress environments. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 9, 261-272. [DOI:10.1023/B:MITI.0000029922.31110.97]
27. Sánchez Márquez S., Bills G., DomínguezAcuña L., Zabalgogeazcoa I. 2010. Endophytic mycobiota of leaves and roots of the grass (Holcus lanatus). Fungal Diversity, 41, 115-123. [DOI:10.1007/s13225-009-0015-7]
28. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coilson A. R., 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 74, 5463-5467. [DOI:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463]
29. SAS Institute Inc. 1999. SAS/STAT Software: Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
30. Schulz B., Römmert A. K., Dammann U., Aust H. J., Strack D. 1999. The endophyte-host interaction: a balanced antagonism? Mycology Research, 103, 1275-1283. [DOI:10.1017/S0953756299008540]
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32. Sokolski S., Bernier-Cardou M., Piche Y., Berube J. A. 2007. Black spruce (Picea mariana) foliage hosts numerous and potentially endemic fungal endophytes. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 37, 1737-1747. [DOI:10.1139/X07-037]
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35. Tejesvi M. V., Mahesh B., Nalini M., Prakash H., Kini K., Subbiah V., Shetty H. 2005. Endophytic fungal assemblages from inner bark and twig of Terminalia arjuna W. and A. (Combretaceae). World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 21, 1535-1540. [DOI:10.1007/s11274-005-7579-5]
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37. Terhonen E., Marco T., Sun H., Jalkanen R., Kasanen R., Vuorinen M., Asiegbu F. 2011. The effect of latitude, season and needle-age on the mycota of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Finland. Silva Fennica, 45, 301-317. [DOI:10.14214/sf.104]
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40. Wang Y., Guo LD. 2007. A comparative study of endophytic fungi in needles, bark, and xylem of Pinus tabulaeformis. Canadian Journal of Botany 85, 911-917. [DOI:10.1139/B07-084]
41. White T. J., Bruns T., Lee S., Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In Innis M. A., Gelfand D. H., Sninsky J. J., White T. J. (Eds), PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications (pp 315-322). Academic Press, New York - USA. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1]
42. Zamora P., Martínez-Ruiz C., Diez J. J. 2008. Fungi in needles and twigs of pine plantations from northern Spain. Fungal Diversity, 30, 171-184.
43. Arnold, A. E. (2007). Understanding the diversity of foliar endophytic fungi: progress, challenges, and frontiers. Fungal Biology Reviews, 21, 51-66. [DOI:10.1016/j.fbr.2007.05.003]
44. Arnold A. E., Lutzoni F. (2007). Diversity and host range of foliar fungal endophytes: are tropical leaves biodiversity hotspots? Ecology, 88, 541-549. [DOI:10.1890/05-1459]
45. Botella L, Diez J. 2011. Phylogenic diversity of fungal endophytes in Spanish stands of Pinus halepensis. Fungal Diversity, 47, 9-18. [DOI:10.1007/s13225-010-0061-1]
46. Carmichael J. W., Brycekendrick W, Conners I. L., Lynne S. 1980. Genera of hyphomycetes. The University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, Alberta - CA.
47. Collado J., Platas G., Pelaez F. 2001. Identification of an endophytic Nodulisporium sp. from Quercus ilex in central Spain as the anamorph of Biscogniauxia mediterranea by rDNA sequence analysis and effect of different ecological factors on distribution of the fungus. Mycologia, 5, 875-886. [DOI:10.1080/00275514.2001.12063222]
48. Crous P. W., Braun U., Schubert K., Groenewald J. Z. 2007. Delimiting Cladosporium from morphologically similar genera. Studies in Mycology, 58, 33-56. [DOI:10.3114/sim.2007.58.02]
49. Diamandis S. 2004. Platanusorientalis, a divine gift for Greece. www.dendrology.org.
50. Gore M. E., Bucak C. 2007. Geographical and seasonal influences on the distribution of fungal endophytes in Laurus nobilis. Forest Pathology, 37, 281-288. [DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0329.2007.00509.x]
51. Guo L. D., Huang G. R., Wang Y. 2008. Seasonal and tissue age influences on endophytic fungi of Pinus tabulaeformis (Pinaceae) in the Dongling mountains, Beijing. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50, 997-1003. [DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00394.x]
52. Helander M., Ahlholm J., Sieber T. N., Hinneri S., Saikkonen K. 2007. Fragmented environment affects birch leaf endophytes. New Phytology, 175, 547-553. [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02110.x]
53. Higgins K. L., Arnold A. E., Miadlikowska J., Sarvate S. D., Lutzoni F. O. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships, host affinity, and geographic structure of boreal and arctic endophytes from three major plant lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 42, 543-555. [DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.07.012]
54. Huang W. Y., Cai Y.Z., Surveswaran S., Hyde K. D., Corke H, Sun M. 2009. Molecular phylogeneic identification of endophytic fungi isolated three Artemisia species. Fungal Diversity, 36, 69-88.
55. Kawai S., Takatori K., Ohtaki T. 1990. Heat resistance of Cladosporium isolated from laboratory animal facilities. Jikken Dobutsu, 39, 319-23. [DOI:10.1538/expanim1978.39.3_319]
56. Ko T. W. K., Stephenson S. L., Bahkali A. H., Hyde K.D. 2011. From morphology to molecular biology: can we use sequence data to identify fungal endophytes?. Fungal Diversity, 50, 113-120 [DOI:10.1007/s13225-011-0130-0]
57. Krings M., Taylor T. N., Hass H., Kerp H., Dotzler N., Hermsen E. J. 2007. Fungal endophytes in a 400-million-yr-old land plant: infection pathways, spatial distribution, and host responses. New Phytology, 174, 648-657. [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02008.x]
58. Kumar S., Dudley J., Nei M., Tamura K. 2008. MEGA: A biologist-centric software for evolutionary analysis of DNA and protein sequences. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 9, 299-306. [DOI:10.1093/bib/bbn017]
59. Langenfeld A., Prado S., Nay B., Cruaud C., Lacoste S., Bury E., Hachette F.O., Hosoya T., Dupont J. 2013. Geographic locality greatly influences fungal endophyte communities in (Cephalotaxus harringtonia). Fungal Biology, 117, 124-136. [DOI:10.1016/j.funbio.2012.12.005]
60. Larkin M. A., Blackshields G., Brown N. P., Chenna R., McGettigan P. A., McWilliam H., Valentin F., Wallace I. M., Wilm A., Lopez R., Thompson J. D., Gibson T. J., Higgins D. G. 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics, 23, 2947-2948. [DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm404]
61. Liu J., Yu Y., Cai Z., Bartlam M., Wang Y. 2015. Comparison of ITS and 18S rDNA for estimating fungal diversity using PCR-DGGE. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 31, 1387-1395 [DOI:10.1007/s11274-015-1890-6]
62. Mello A., Napoli C., Murat C., Morin E., Marceddu G., Bonfante P. 2011. ITS-1 versus ITS-2 pyrosequencing: a comparison of fungal populations in truffle grounds. Mycologia, 103, 1184-1193 [DOI:10.3852/11-027]
63. Miller W. A., Roy K. W. 1982. Mycoflora of soybean leaves, pods and deeds in Mississippi. Canadian Journal of Botany, 60, 2716-2723. [DOI:10.1139/b82-331]
64. Mishra A., Gond S., Kumar A., Sharma V., Verma S., Kharwar R., Sieber T. 2012. Season and tissue type affect fungal endophyte communities of the Indian medicinal plant (Tinospora cordifolia), more strongly than geographic location. Microbial Ecology, 64, 388-398 [DOI:10.1007/s00248-012-0029-7]
65. Oses R., Valenzuela S., Freer J., Sanfuentes E., Rodrigues J. 2008. Fungal endophytes in xylem of healthy Chilean trees and their possible role in early wood decay. Fungal Diversity, 33, 77-86.
66. Rodriguez R., Henson J., Volkenburgh E. V., Hoy M., Wright L., Beckwith F., Kim Y. O., Redman R. S. 2008. Stress tolerance in plants via habitat-adapted symbiosis. The ISME Journal, 2, 404-416. [DOI:10.1038/ismej.2007.106]
67. Rodriguez R., Redman R. 2008. More than 400 million years of evolution and some plants still can't make it on their own: plant stress tolerance via fungal symbiosis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59, 1109-1114. [DOI:10.1093/jxb/erm342]
68. Rodriguez R., Redman R., Henson J. 2004. The role of fungal symbioses in the adaptation of plants to high stress environments. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 9, 261-272. [DOI:10.1023/B:MITI.0000029922.31110.97]
69. Sánchez Márquez S., Bills G., DomínguezAcuña L., Zabalgogeazcoa I. 2010. Endophytic mycobiota of leaves and roots of the grass (Holcus lanatus). Fungal Diversity, 41, 115-123. [DOI:10.1007/s13225-009-0015-7]
70. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coilson A. R., 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 74, 5463-5467. [DOI:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463]
71. SAS Institute Inc. 1999. SAS/STAT Software: Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
72. Schulz B., Römmert A. K., Dammann U., Aust H. J., Strack D. 1999. The endophyte-host interaction: a balanced antagonism? Mycology Research, 103, 1275-1283. [DOI:10.1017/S0953756299008540]
73. Schulz B, , Wanke U,, Draeger S,, Aust H, J. 1993. Endophytes from herbaceous plants and shrubs: effectiveness of surface sterilization methods. Mycology Research, 97, 1447-1450. [DOI:10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80215-3]
74. Sokolski S., Bernier-Cardou M., Piche Y., Berube J. A. 2007. Black spruce (Picea mariana) foliage hosts numerous and potentially endemic fungal endophytes. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 37, 1737-1747. [DOI:10.1139/X07-037]
75. Sun X., Guo L. D., Hyde K. D. 2011. Community composition of endophytic fungi in Acer truncatum and their role in decomposition. Fungal Diversity, 47, 85-95. [DOI:10.1007/s13225-010-0086-5]
76. Suryanarayanan T. S., Thirunavukkarasu N, Govindarajulu MB, Sasse F, Jansen R, Murali TS. 2009. Fungal endophytes and bioprospecting. Fungal Biology Reviews, 23, 9‌-19. [DOI:10.1016/j.fbr.2009.07.001]
77. Tejesvi M. V., Mahesh B., Nalini M., Prakash H., Kini K., Subbiah V., Shetty H. 2005. Endophytic fungal assemblages from inner bark and twig of Terminalia arjuna W. and A. (Combretaceae). World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 21, 1535-1540. [DOI:10.1007/s11274-005-7579-5]
78. Tello M. L., Redondo C., Mateo-Sagasta E. 2000. Health status of plane trees (Platanus spp.) in Spain. Journal of Arboriculture, 26, 246-254. [DOI:10.48044/jauf.2000.030]
79. Terhonen E., Marco T., Sun H., Jalkanen R., Kasanen R., Vuorinen M., Asiegbu F. 2011. The effect of latitude, season and needle-age on the mycota of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Finland. Silva Fennica, 45, 301-317. [DOI:10.14214/sf.104]
80. Wali P., Helander M., Nissinen O., Saikkonen K. 2006. Susceptibility of endophyte-infected grasses to winter pathogens (snow molds). Canadian Journal of Botany, 84, 1043-1051. [DOI:10.1139/b06-075]
81. Wang F., Jiao R., Cheng A., Tan S., Song Y. 2007. Antimicrobial potentials of endophytic fungi residing in Quercus variabilis and brefeldin A obtained from Cladosporium sp. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 23, 79-83. [DOI:10.1007/s11274-006-9195-4]
82. Wang Y., Guo LD. 2007. A comparative study of endophytic fungi in needles, bark, and xylem of Pinus tabulaeformis. Canadian Journal of Botany 85, 911-917. [DOI:10.1139/B07-084]
83. White T. J., Bruns T., Lee S., Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In Innis M. A., Gelfand D. H., Sninsky J. J., White T. J. (Eds), PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications (pp 315-322). Academic Press, New York - USA. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1]
84. Zamora P., Martínez-Ruiz C., Diez J. J. 2008. Fungi in needles and twigs of pine plantations from northern Spain. Fungal Diversity, 30, 171-184.
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Khorsandi S, Nikbakht A, Sabzalian M R. Identification and distribution of endophytic fungi associated with the stem and bark of old and young plane trees (Platanus orientalis L.) in the urban landscape. FOP 2023; 8 (1) :77-88
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گل و گیاهان زینتی Flower and Ornamental Plants
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