1. Abdalla, N. (2019). Effect of spraying foliar with humus and izomen biostimulants on some vegetative and flowering parameters of Freesia hybrida L. QJAS Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Agriculture Sciences, 9(2), 240-246. [DOI:10.33794/qjas.2019.167063]

2. Alcazar, R., Altabella, T., Marco, F., Bortolotti, C., Reymond, M., Knocz, C., Carrasco, P., Tiburcio, A.F. (2010). Polyamines: molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Planta, 231(6), 1237-1249. [DOI:10.1007/s00425-010-1130-0]

3. Anderson, N.O. (2007). Flower Breeding and Genetics. Spirnger, The Netherlands. 665-691. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4020-4428-1]

4. Blunden, G., Jenkins, T., Liu, Y.W. (1996). Enhanced leaf chlorophyll levels in plants treated with seaweed extract. Journal of Applied Phycology, 8(6):535-543. [DOI:10.1007/BF02186333]

5. Brewster, J.L. (1994). Onions and other vegetable alliums. CAB international. Wallingford, U.K.

6. Bulgari, R.G., Cocetta, A., Trivellini, P., Vernieri, A., Ferrante, A. (2015). Biostimulants and crop responses: a review. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 31, 1-17. [DOI:10.1080/01448765.2014.964649]

7. Calvo, P., Nelson, L., Kloepper, J.W. (2014). Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant and Soil, 383(1-2), 3-41. [DOI:10.1007/s11104-014-2131-8]

8. Chakraborty, U., Pradhan, D.) 2011(. High temperature-induced oxidative stress in Lens culinaris, role of antioxidants and amelioration of stress by chemical pre-treatments. Journal of Plant Interactions, 6, 43-52. [DOI:10.1080/17429145.2010.513484]

9. Crouch, I.J., Van Staden, J. (1993). Commerical seaweed products as biostimulants in horticulture. Journal of Home and Consumer Horticulture, 1(1), 19-76. [DOI:10.1300/J280v01n01_03]

10. Dere, S., Gunes, T., Sivaci, R. (1998). Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll - a, b and total carotenoid contents of some algae species using different solvents. Journal of Botany, 22, 13-17.

11. Du Jardin, P. (2012). The Science of Plant Biostimulants-A bibliographic analysis. Ad hoc Study Report to the European Commission DG ENTR. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/chemicals/files/fertilizers/final report bio 2012en, pdf.

12. Du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 3-14. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021]

13. El-Naggar, A.H., Sweden, E.A. (2009). Effect of light intensity and amino acid tryptophan on the growth and flowering of Amaryllis (Hippeastrum vittatum Herb.) plants. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Alexandria University, 8(1), 22-42.

14. El-Nemr, M.A., El-Desuki, M., El-Bassiony, A.M., Fawzy, Z.F. (2012). Response of growth and yield of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) to different foliar application of humic acid and bio-stimulators. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 6, 630-637.

15. Fawzy, Z.F., El-Shal, Z.S., Yunsheng, L., Zhu, O., Sawan, O.M. (2012). Response of garlic (Allium sativum L.) plants to foliar spraying of some bio-stimulants under sandy soil condition. Journal of Applied Science Research, 8(2), 770-776.

16. Fornes, F., Sanchez-Perales, M., Guardiola, J.L. (2002). Effect of a seaweed extract on the productivity of de Nules Clementine mandarin and Navelina orange. Botanica Marina, 45(5), 486-489. [DOI:10.1515/BOT.2002.051]

17. Ghaffari Nejad, S.A., Nourghooli Pour, F., Gheibi, M.N. (2020). Biostimulants and their roles in plant physiology, nutrient absorption, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Journal of Land Management (Soil and Water Science), 8(1), 47-67, (In Persian).

18. Guinan, K.J., Sujeeth, N., Copeland, R.B., Jones, P.W., O'Brien, N.M., Sharma, H.S.S., Prouteau, P.F.G., O'Sullivan, J.T. (2013). Discrete roles for extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum in enhancing plant growth and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Acta Horticulturae, 1009, 127-136. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.1009.15]

19. Heckman, J. R. (1994). Effect of an organic bio-stimulant on cabbage yield. Journal of Home and Consumer Horticulture,1:11-113. [DOI:10.1300/J280v01n01_07]

20. Hussein, M.S., El-sherbiny, S.E., Abou-Leila, B.H. (1992). Effect of some basic nitrogen compounds on the growth, photosynthetic pigments and alkaloid content in Datura metel L. Egyptian Journal of Physiological Science. 16, 142. (Egypt).

21. Kamar, M.E., Omar, A. (1987). Effect of nitrogen levels and spraying with aminalfort (amino acids salvation) on yield of cucumber and potatoes. Journal of Agriculture Science, Mansoura University, 12 (4), 900-907.

22. Khan, W., Hiltz, D., Critchley, A.T., Prithiviraj, B. (2011). Bioassay to detect Ascophyllum nodosum extract-induced cytokinin-like activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Appllied Phycology, 23, 409-414 [DOI:10.1007/s10811-010-9583-x]

23. Kharazi, M. (2016). Ivestigation of different methods of Amaryllis (Hipeastrun johnsonii) culturing and propagation for increasing the proliferation rate during vitro and greenhouse conditions. Ph.D. Disseration. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Faculty of agriculture (In Persian).

24. Kowalczyk, K., Zielony, T., Gajewski, M. (2008). Effect of Aminoplant and Asahi on yield and quality of lettuce grown on rockwool. Biostimultators in Modern Agriculture. General Aspects. Wies Jutra, Warszawa, 335-343.

25. Levitt, T., (1980). Responses of Plants to environmental Stresses. Volume 11. Water, radiation, salt and other stresses. 2 nd. Academic Press.

26. Mancuso, S., Azzarello, E., Mugnai, S., Briand, X. (2006). Marine bioactive substance (IPA extract) improves foliar ion uptake and water stress tolerance in potted Vitis vinifera plants. Advances in Horticultural Science, 20(2), 485-491.

27. Mittler, R. )2002(. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science 7, 405-410 [DOI:10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02312-9]

28. Mohammad Osman, Y.M. (2015). Effect of some foliar application treatment on yield, quality and storability of Garlic. Ph.D. thesis of Agricultural Sciences. Ain Shams University.

29. Mohsenzadeh, S., Karami Darenjani, M. (2021). Effect of green compost and microalgae chlorella on antioxidant potential of Tropaeolum majus under drought stress. The First National Conference on Plant Antioxidants in Isfahan. (In Persian).

30. Msh, S., Orabi, S.A., Bakry, A.B. (2015). Antioxidant properties, secondary metabolites and yield as affected by application of antioxidants and banana peel extract on Roselle plants. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 9, 93-104

31. Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Schiavon, M., Ertani., A. (2016). Plant biostimulants: physiological responses induced by protein hydrolyzed-based products and humic substances in plant metabolism. Scientia Agricola, 73, 8-23. [DOI:10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0006]

32. Rathore, S.S., Chaudhary, D.R., Boricha, G.N., Ghosh, A., Bhatt, B.P., Zodape, S.T., Potalia, J.S. (2009). Effect of seaweed extract on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of soybean (Glycine max) under rainfed conditions. South African Journal of Botany, 75(2), 31-355. [DOI:10.1016/j.sajb.2008.10.009]

33. Rezvanypour, S., Hatamzadeh, A. (2016). The effect of exogenous polyamines on growth, flowering and corm production of freesia hybrida var. Golden wave and blue sea. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Cultivations, 7(27). (In Persian).

34. Sanikhani, M., Akbari, A., Kheiri, A. (2021). Effect of Phenylalanine and Tryptophan on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics in Colocynth Plant (Citrullus Colocynthis L.). Journal of Plant Process and Function 9(39), 317-327. (In Persian).

35. Shehata, S.M., Abdel-Azem, H.S., Abou El-Yazied, A., El-Gizawy, A.M. (2011). Effect of foliar spraying with amino acids and seaweed extract on growth chemical constitutes, yield and its quality of celeriac plant. European Journal of Scientific Research, 58(2), 257-265.

36. Shoushan, A.M., EL-Baquary, H.W., Fahmy, G.E., Dahab, A. M.A., El- Dabh, R.S., El khateeb, M.A. (1980). Effect of planting date and chemical fertilization on corm development in gladiolus. Research Bulletin, Faculty of Agriculture. Ain Shams University. No. 1342.

37. Startek, L., Zurawik, P. (2005). Effect of Ethephon on Easy Pot Freesia. Acta Horticulturae, 673, 617-623. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.673.85]

38. Sun, J.M., Ye, S., Peng, Y. Li. (2016). Nitrogen can improve the rapid response of photosynthesis to changing irradiance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Nature Publishing Group, 1, 1-10. [DOI:10.1038/srep31305]

39. Thirumaran, G., Arumugam, M., Arumugam, R., Anantharaman, P. (2009). Effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer on growth and pigment concentration of Abelmoschus esculentus Medikus. Amercan-Eurasian Journal of Agronomy, 2(2), 57-66.

40. Zewail, R.M.Y. (2014). Effect of seaweed extract amino acids on growth and productivity and some biocostituents of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Journal Plant Production, Mansoura University, 5(8), 1441-1453. [DOI:10.21608/jpp.2014.64669]

41. Abdalla, N. (2019). Effect of spraying foliar with humus and izomen biostimulants on some vegetative and flowering parameters of Freesia hybrida L. QJAS Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Agriculture Sciences, 9(2), 240-246. [DOI:10.33794/qjas.2019.167063]

42. Alcazar, R., Altabella, T., Marco, F., Bortolotti, C., Reymond, M., Knocz, C., Carrasco, P., Tiburcio, A.F. (2010). Polyamines: molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Planta, 231(6), 1237-1249. [DOI:10.1007/s00425-010-1130-0]

43. Anderson, N.O. (2007). Flower Breeding and Genetics. Spirnger, The Netherlands. 665-691. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4020-4428-1]

44. Blunden, G., Jenkins, T., Liu, Y.W. (1996). Enhanced leaf chlorophyll levels in plants treated with seaweed extract. Journal of Applied Phycology, 8(6):535-543. [DOI:10.1007/BF02186333]

45. Brewster, J.L. (1994). Onions and other vegetable alliums. CAB international. Wallingford, U.K.

46. Bulgari, R.G., Cocetta, A., Trivellini, P., Vernieri, A., Ferrante, A. (2015). Biostimulants and crop responses: a review. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 31, 1-17. [DOI:10.1080/01448765.2014.964649]

47. Calvo, P., Nelson, L., Kloepper, J.W. (2014). Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant and Soil, 383(1-2), 3-41. [DOI:10.1007/s11104-014-2131-8]

48. Chakraborty, U., Pradhan, D.) 2011(. High temperature-induced oxidative stress in Lens culinaris, role of antioxidants and amelioration of stress by chemical pre-treatments. Journal of Plant Interactions, 6, 43-52. [DOI:10.1080/17429145.2010.513484]

49. Crouch, I.J., Van Staden, J. (1993). Commerical seaweed products as biostimulants in horticulture. Journal of Home and Consumer Horticulture, 1(1), 19-76. [DOI:10.1300/J280v01n01_03]

50. Dere, S., Gunes, T., Sivaci, R. (1998). Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll - a, b and total carotenoid contents of some algae species using different solvents. Journal of Botany, 22, 13-17.

51. Du Jardin, P. (2012). The Science of Plant Biostimulants-A bibliographic analysis. Ad hoc Study Report to the European Commission DG ENTR. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/chemicals/files/fertilizers/final report bio 2012en, pdf.

52. Du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 3-14. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021]

53. El-Naggar, A.H., Sweden, E.A. (2009). Effect of light intensity and amino acid tryptophan on the growth and flowering of Amaryllis (Hippeastrum vittatum Herb.) plants. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Alexandria University, 8(1), 22-42.

54. El-Nemr, M.A., El-Desuki, M., El-Bassiony, A.M., Fawzy, Z.F. (2012). Response of growth and yield of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) to different foliar application of humic acid and bio-stimulators. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 6, 630-637.

55. Fawzy, Z.F., El-Shal, Z.S., Yunsheng, L., Zhu, O., Sawan, O.M. (2012). Response of garlic (Allium sativum L.) plants to foliar spraying of some bio-stimulants under sandy soil condition. Journal of Applied Science Research, 8(2), 770-776.

56. Fornes, F., Sanchez-Perales, M., Guardiola, J.L. (2002). Effect of a seaweed extract on the productivity of de Nules Clementine mandarin and Navelina orange. Botanica Marina, 45(5), 486-489. [DOI:10.1515/BOT.2002.051]

57. Ghaffari Nejad, S.A., Nourghooli Pour, F., Gheibi, M.N. (2020). Biostimulants and their roles in plant physiology, nutrient absorption, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Journal of Land Management (Soil and Water Science), 8(1), 47-67, (In Persian).

58. Guinan, K.J., Sujeeth, N., Copeland, R.B., Jones, P.W., O'Brien, N.M., Sharma, H.S.S., Prouteau, P.F.G., O'Sullivan, J.T. (2013). Discrete roles for extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum in enhancing plant growth and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Acta Horticulturae, 1009, 127-136. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.1009.15]

59. Heckman, J. R. (1994). Effect of an organic bio-stimulant on cabbage yield. Journal of Home and Consumer Horticulture,1:11-113. [DOI:10.1300/J280v01n01_07]

60. Hussein, M.S., El-sherbiny, S.E., Abou-Leila, B.H. (1992). Effect of some basic nitrogen compounds on the growth, photosynthetic pigments and alkaloid content in Datura metel L. Egyptian Journal of Physiological Science. 16, 142. (Egypt).

61. Kamar, M.E., Omar, A. (1987). Effect of nitrogen levels and spraying with aminalfort (amino acids salvation) on yield of cucumber and potatoes. Journal of Agriculture Science, Mansoura University, 12 (4), 900-907.

62. Khan, W., Hiltz, D., Critchley, A.T., Prithiviraj, B. (2011). Bioassay to detect Ascophyllum nodosum extract-induced cytokinin-like activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Appllied Phycology, 23, 409-414 [DOI:10.1007/s10811-010-9583-x]

63. Kharazi, M. (2016). Ivestigation of different methods of Amaryllis (Hipeastrun johnsonii) culturing and propagation for increasing the proliferation rate during vitro and greenhouse conditions. Ph.D. Disseration. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Faculty of agriculture (In Persian).

64. Kowalczyk, K., Zielony, T., Gajewski, M. (2008). Effect of Aminoplant and Asahi on yield and quality of lettuce grown on rockwool. Biostimultators in Modern Agriculture. General Aspects. Wies Jutra, Warszawa, 335-343.

65. Levitt, T., (1980). Responses of Plants to environmental Stresses. Volume 11. Water, radiation, salt and other stresses. 2 nd. Academic Press.

66. Mancuso, S., Azzarello, E., Mugnai, S., Briand, X. (2006). Marine bioactive substance (IPA extract) improves foliar ion uptake and water stress tolerance in potted Vitis vinifera plants. Advances in Horticultural Science, 20(2), 485-491.

67. Mittler, R. )2002(. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science 7, 405-410 [DOI:10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02312-9]

68. Mohammad Osman, Y.M. (2015). Effect of some foliar application treatment on yield, quality and storability of Garlic. Ph.D. thesis of Agricultural Sciences. Ain Shams University.

69. Mohsenzadeh, S., Karami Darenjani, M. (2021). Effect of green compost and microalgae chlorella on antioxidant potential of Tropaeolum majus under drought stress. The First National Conference on Plant Antioxidants in Isfahan. (In Persian).

70. Msh, S., Orabi, S.A., Bakry, A.B. (2015). Antioxidant properties, secondary metabolites and yield as affected by application of antioxidants and banana peel extract on Roselle plants. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 9, 93-104

71. Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Schiavon, M., Ertani., A. (2016). Plant biostimulants: physiological responses induced by protein hydrolyzed-based products and humic substances in plant metabolism. Scientia Agricola, 73, 8-23. [DOI:10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0006]

72. Rathore, S.S., Chaudhary, D.R., Boricha, G.N., Ghosh, A., Bhatt, B.P., Zodape, S.T., Potalia, J.S. (2009). Effect of seaweed extract on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of soybean (Glycine max) under rainfed conditions. South African Journal of Botany, 75(2), 31-355. [DOI:10.1016/j.sajb.2008.10.009]

73. Rezvanypour, S., Hatamzadeh, A. (2016). The effect of exogenous polyamines on growth, flowering and corm production of freesia hybrida var. Golden wave and blue sea. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Cultivations, 7(27). (In Persian).

74. Sanikhani, M., Akbari, A., Kheiri, A. (2021). Effect of Phenylalanine and Tryptophan on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics in Colocynth Plant (Citrullus Colocynthis L.). Journal of Plant Process and Function 9(39), 317-327. (In Persian).

75. Shehata, S.M., Abdel-Azem, H.S., Abou El-Yazied, A., El-Gizawy, A.M. (2011). Effect of foliar spraying with amino acids and seaweed extract on growth chemical constitutes, yield and its quality of celeriac plant. European Journal of Scientific Research, 58(2), 257-265.

76. Shoushan, A.M., EL-Baquary, H.W., Fahmy, G.E., Dahab, A. M.A., El- Dabh, R.S., El khateeb, M.A. (1980). Effect of planting date and chemical fertilization on corm development in gladiolus. Research Bulletin, Faculty of Agriculture. Ain Shams University. No. 1342.

77. Startek, L., Zurawik, P. (2005). Effect of Ethephon on Easy Pot Freesia. Acta Horticulturae, 673, 617-623. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.673.85]

78. Sun, J.M., Ye, S., Peng, Y. Li. (2016). Nitrogen can improve the rapid response of photosynthesis to changing irradiance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Nature Publishing Group, 1, 1-10. [DOI:10.1038/srep31305]

79. Thirumaran, G., Arumugam, M., Arumugam, R., Anantharaman, P. (2009). Effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer on growth and pigment concentration of Abelmoschus esculentus Medikus. Amercan-Eurasian Journal of Agronomy, 2(2), 57-66.

80. Zewail, R.M.Y. (2014). Effect of seaweed extract amino acids on growth and productivity and some biocostituents of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Journal Plant Production, Mansoura University, 5(8), 1441-1453. [DOI:10.21608/jpp.2014.64669]