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:: Volume 9, Issue 1 (Spring and Summer 2024) ::
FOP 2024, 9(1): 31-46 Back to browse issues page
Effect of gibberellic acid on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two Calla lily species in a hydroponic system
Esmaeil Khaleghi * , Zahra Behbahani , Mehrangiz Chehrazi
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
Abstract:   (2017 Views)
Calla Lily (Zantedeschia sp.) is a day-neutral plant of Araceae family that is native to South and Central Africa. The number and quality of this flower can be influenced by plant growth regulators such as gibberellic acid. For this purpose, research was conducted to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 500, and 600 mg/L) on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two varieties of Calla lily. This experiment was conducted as a factorial in randomized complete blocks design in three replications in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The results demonstrated that the application of gibberellic acid (especially at a concentration of 600 mg/L), significantly increased leaf fresh and dry weight, flower fresh and dry weight, leaf area, number of buds, spath length, vase life, amount of chlorophyll and carotenoid of leaf and spath, carbohydrate and starch in both Z. aethiopica and Z. rehmanii species. This increase was more in aethiopica than rehmanii species and reached the highest level in most characteristics such as leaf dry weight, fresh weight of flowers, number of buds, cut flowers length, vase life, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids, and spot chlorophyll. In general, the results showed that the use of GA3 can improve Calla Lily's quantitative and qualitative characteristics.
Keywords: Gibberellic acid, Growth regulator, Spath length, Vase life
Full-Text [PDF 794 kb]   (484 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2023/11/14 | Accepted: 2024/06/28 | Published: 2024/08/24
References
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3. Aparna, V., Prakash, K., Neema, M., Ajay, A., Kumar, N., Singh, M. C. (2018). Effect of Gibberellic Acid on plant growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum cv. Thai Chen Queen under short day planting conditions. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 10, 6274-6278.
4. Arun, D. S., Ashok, A. D., Rengasamy, P. (2000). Effect of some growth regulating chemicals on growth and flowering of rose cv. First Red under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 3, 51-53.
5. Ayesha, R., Hassan, I., Abbasi, N. A., Khan, K. S. (2020). Regulation of morpho-physiological and vase quality attributes of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) cv.'Tabasco' mediated by GA3. Pakistan of Journal of Botany, 52, 1561-1568. [DOI:10.30848/PJB2020-5(30)]
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13. Emami, H., Saeidnia, M., Hatamzadeh, A., Bakhshi, D., Ghorbani, E. (2011). The Effect of gibberellic acid and benzyladenine in growth and flowering of lily (Lilium longiflorum). Advances in Environmental Biology, 5, 1606-1611.
14. Guo, W., Zheng, L., Zheng, Z., Zheng, W. (2003). Phytohormones regulate senescence of cut chrysanthemum. Acta Horticulture, 624, 349-355. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.624.48]
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17. Ichimura, K., Goto, R. (2000). Effect of gibberellin (GA3) on leaf yellowing and vase life of cut Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis flowers. Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 69, 423-427. [DOI:10.2503/jjshs.69.423]
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21. Kim, H. J., Miller, W. B. (2009). GA4+7 plus BA enhance post-production quality in pot tulips. Postharvest Biological Technology, 51, 272-277. [DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.07.002]
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24. Mortazavi, N., Naderi, R., Majidian, N., Naderi, B., Sharafi, Y. (2011). The effect of GA3 and BA on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica cv. Childsiana). African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5, 4190-4196. [DOI:10.5897/AJMR11.688]
25. Mutui, T.M., Emongor, V.E., Hutchinson, M.J. (2001). Effect of Accel on the vase life and postharvest quality of (Alestroemeria aurantiaca L.) cut flowers. African Journal of Technology Science, 2, 82-88. [DOI:10.4314/ajst.v2i1.44650]
26. Othman, Y. A., Al-Ajlouni, M. G., A'saf, T. S., Sawalha, H. A., Hani, M. B. (2021). Influence of gibberellic acid on the physiology and flower quality of gerbera and lily cut flowers. International journal of agriculture and natural resources, 48, 21-33. [DOI:10.7764/ijanr.v48i1.2218]
27. Pradeepkumar, C. M, Chandrashekar, S. Y., Kavana, G. B., Supriya, B. V. (2020). A review on role and use of gibberellic acid (GA3) in flower production. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8, 3076-3084. [DOI:10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1au.8738]
28. Rani, P., Singh, P. (2013). Impact of Gibberillic acid pretreatment on groth and flowering of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) CV. Prajwal. Plant Physiology, 5, 33-41
29. Ranwala, A., William, M. (2008). Gibberellin-mediated changes in carbohydrate metabolism during flower stalk elongation in tulips. Plant Growth Regulators, 55, 241-248. [DOI:10.1007/s10725-008-9280-9]
30. Sajid, M., Amin, N., Ahmad, H., Khan, K. (.2016). Effect of gibberellic acid on enhancing flowering time in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 48, 477-483
31. Shah, S.H., Ahmad, I., Samiulla, H. (2006). Effect of gibberellic acid spray on growth, nutrient uptake and yield attributes during various growth stage of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 5, 881-884. [DOI:10.3923/ajps.2006.881.884]
32. Sifola, M.I., Barbieri, G. (2006). Growth, yield and essential oil content of three cultivars of basil grown under different levels of nitrogen in the field. Scientia Horticulture, 108, 408-413. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2006.02.002]
33. Skutnik, E. W., Lukaszewska, A. L., Margrethe, S. (2003). Effect of growth regulators on postharvest characteristics of Zantedeschia aethiopica var.zazu. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 21, 241-246. [DOI:10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00151-4]
34. Sultan, S.M., Farooq, S. (1999). Effect of sucrose and GA3 on the senescence of cut flowers of Narcissus tazetta cv. Kashmir local. Advances Horticultural Science, 13, 105-107.
35. Aitken, A., Hewett, E. (2009). Fresh facts: New Zealand horticulture. New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research. Auckland, 1- 32.
36. Arnon, A. N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23, 112-121.
37. Aparna, V., Prakash, K., Neema, M., Ajay, A., Kumar, N., Singh, M. C. (2018). Effect of Gibberellic Acid on plant growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum cv. Thai Chen Queen under short day planting conditions. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 10, 6274-6278.
38. Arun, D. S., Ashok, A. D., Rengasamy, P. (2000). Effect of some growth regulating chemicals on growth and flowering of rose cv. First Red under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 3, 51-53.
39. Ayesha, R., Hassan, I., Abbasi, N. A., Khan, K. S. (2020). Regulation of morpho-physiological and vase quality attributes of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) cv.'Tabasco' mediated by GA3. Pakistan of Journal of Botany, 52, 1561-1568. [DOI:10.30848/PJB2020-5(30)]
40. Beena R. (2000). Effect of growth regulators on the growth and flowering of anthurium. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2, 1-10.
41. Chandel, A., Thakur, M., Rakwal, A., Chauhan, S., Bhargava, B. (2023). Exogenous applications of gibberellic acid modulate the growth, flowering and longevity of calla lily. Heliyon, 9, 1-12. [DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16319]
42. Coelho, L., Fkiara, A., Mackenzie, K., Müller, R., Lütken, H. (2018). Exogenous application of gibberellic acid improves flowering in Kalanchoë. HortScience, 53, 342-346. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI12720-17]
43. Cornea-Cipcigan, M., Pamfil, D., Sisea, C. R., Mărgăoan, R. (2020). Gibberellic acid can improve seed germination and ornamental quality of selected cyclamen species grown under short and long days. Agronomy, 10, 516-522. [DOI:10.3390/agronomy10040516]
44. Doorn, W., Kamdee, C. (2014). Flower opening and closure: an update. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65, 5749-5757. [DOI:10.1093/jxb/eru327]
45. Emongor, V., Tshwenyane, S.O. (2004). Effect of accel on the postharvest vase life of Easter lily. Agriculture Science, 3, 170-174. [DOI:10.3923/ja.2004.170.174]
46. El-Naggar, A.H., El-Naggar, A.A.M., Ismaiel, N.M. (2009). Effect of phosphorus application and gibberellic acid on the growth and flower quality of (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 6, 400-410.
47. Emami, H., Saeidnia, M., Hatamzadeh, A., Bakhshi, D., Ghorbani, E. (2011). The Effect of gibberellic acid and benzyladenine in growth and flowering of lily (Lilium longiflorum). Advances in Environmental Biology, 5, 1606-1611.
48. Guo, W., Zheng, L., Zheng, Z., Zheng, W. (2003). Phytohormones regulate senescence of cut chrysanthemum. Acta Horticulture, 624, 349-355. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.624.48]
49. Gupta, R., Chakrabarty, S. K. (2013). Gibberellic acid in plant: still a mystery unresolved. Plant signaling & behavior, 8, 1-5. [DOI:10.4161/psb.25504]
50. Hajisamadi Asl, B., Hassanpouraghdam, M. B., Khalighi, A. (2011). Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) foliar application on growth characteristics and essential oil of Lavender (Lavandula officinalis Chaix.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 21, 23-32.
51. Ichimura, K., Goto, R. (2000). Effect of gibberellin (GA3) on leaf yellowing and vase life of cut Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis flowers. Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 69, 423-427. [DOI:10.2503/jjshs.69.423]
52. Irigoyen, J. J., Einerich, D. W., Sánchez‐Díaz, M. (1992). Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativd) plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 84, 55-60. [DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb08764.x]
53. Janowsk, B., Jerzy, M. (2003). Effect of gibberrelic acid on post harvest leaf longevity of Zantedeschia elliottiana. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 11, 69-76
54. Kheiry, A., Khalighi, A., Mostofi, Y., Naderi, R. (2011). Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and benzyladenine on tuberose quality and quantity. Journal of Crops Improvement, 13, 9-20.
55. Kim, H. J., Miller, W. B. (2009). GA4+7 plus BA enhance post-production quality in pot tulips. Postharvest Biological Technology, 51, 272-277. [DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.07.002]
56. Marshall, J. D. (1986). Drought and shade interact to cause fine-root mortality in Douglas-fir seedlings. Plant and Soil, 91, 51-60. [DOI:10.1007/BF02181818]
57. Mohammadi, H., Moradi, F., Ahmadi, A., Abbasi, A., Poustini, K. (2012). Drought effect on hormone changes and carbohydrates levels in developing grains of two wheat cultivars. Journal of Crop Production, 4, 139-155.
58. Mortazavi, N., Naderi, R., Majidian, N., Naderi, B., Sharafi, Y. (2011). The effect of GA3 and BA on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica cv. Childsiana). African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5, 4190-4196. [DOI:10.5897/AJMR11.688]
59. Mutui, T.M., Emongor, V.E., Hutchinson, M.J. (2001). Effect of Accel on the vase life and postharvest quality of (Alestroemeria aurantiaca L.) cut flowers. African Journal of Technology Science, 2, 82-88. [DOI:10.4314/ajst.v2i1.44650]
60. Othman, Y. A., Al-Ajlouni, M. G., A'saf, T. S., Sawalha, H. A., Hani, M. B. (2021). Influence of gibberellic acid on the physiology and flower quality of gerbera and lily cut flowers. International journal of agriculture and natural resources, 48, 21-33. [DOI:10.7764/ijanr.v48i1.2218]
61. Pradeepkumar, C. M, Chandrashekar, S. Y., Kavana, G. B., Supriya, B. V. (2020). A review on role and use of gibberellic acid (GA3) in flower production. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8, 3076-3084. [DOI:10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1au.8738]
62. Rani, P., Singh, P. (2013). Impact of Gibberillic acid pretreatment on groth and flowering of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) CV. Prajwal. Plant Physiology, 5, 33-41
63. Ranwala, A., William, M. (2008). Gibberellin-mediated changes in carbohydrate metabolism during flower stalk elongation in tulips. Plant Growth Regulators, 55, 241-248. [DOI:10.1007/s10725-008-9280-9]
64. Sajid, M., Amin, N., Ahmad, H., Khan, K. (.2016). Effect of gibberellic acid on enhancing flowering time in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 48, 477-483
65. Shah, S.H., Ahmad, I., Samiulla, H. (2006). Effect of gibberellic acid spray on growth, nutrient uptake and yield attributes during various growth stage of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 5, 881-884. [DOI:10.3923/ajps.2006.881.884]
66. Sifola, M.I., Barbieri, G. (2006). Growth, yield and essential oil content of three cultivars of basil grown under different levels of nitrogen in the field. Scientia Horticulture, 108, 408-413. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2006.02.002]
67. Skutnik, E. W., Lukaszewska, A. L., Margrethe, S. (2003). Effect of growth regulators on postharvest characteristics of Zantedeschia aethiopica var.zazu. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 21, 241-246. [DOI:10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00151-4]
68. Sultan, S.M., Farooq, S. (1999). Effect of sucrose and GA3 on the senescence of cut flowers of Narcissus tazetta cv. Kashmir local. Advances Horticultural Science, 13, 105-107.
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Khaleghi E, Behbahani Z, Chehrazi M. Effect of gibberellic acid on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two Calla lily species in a hydroponic system. FOP 2024; 9 (1) :31-46
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