1. Álvarez, J.M., Pasian, C., Lal, R., López, R., Díaz, M.J., Fernández, M. (2018). Morpho-physiological plant quality when biochar and vermicompost are used as growing media replacement in urban horticulture. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 34, 175-180. [ DOI:10.1016/j.ufug.2018.06.021] 2. Amiri Deh Ahmadi, S.R., Parsa, M., Ganjali, A. (2010). The effects of drought stress at different phenological stages on morphological traits and yield components of a chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8(1), 157-166 (In Persian). 3. Amooei, A.M., Ghasempour, N., Kameli, M. (2015). Licorice Cultivation Entrepreneurship Package. Asrar Elm Publisher, Tehran. 76p, (In Persian). 4. Arnon, D.I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24(1), 1. [ DOI:10.1104/pp.24.1.1] 5. Bañón, S., Miralles, J., Navarro, A., Sánchez-Blanco, M.J. (2009). Influence of paclobutrazol and substrate on daily evapotranspiration of potted geranium. Scientia Horticulturae, 122(4), 572-578. [ DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2009.06.033] 6. Barr, H.D., Weatherley, P.E. (1962). A re-examination of the relative turgidity technique for estimating water deficit in leaves. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(3), 413-428. [ DOI:10.1071/BI9620413] 7. Borji, S., Khodadadi, M., Mobasser, H.R. (2014). Effect of different levels of vermicompost on growth characteristics and flowering geranium. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 3(3), 307-309. 8. Bragg, N. (1990). A Review of Peat Reserves and Peat Usage in Horticulture and Alternative Materials-Report for the Horticultural Development Company (HDC). Petersfield, UK, 59. 9. Dole, J., Wilkins, H. (2005). "Floriculture: Principles and Species, 2nd edition. Prentice-Hall."Inc. Upper Saddle River, USA. 1023p. 10. Einhellig, F.A., Rasmussen, J.A. (1979). Effects of three phenolic acids on chlorophyll content and growth of soybean and grain sorghum seedlings. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 5(5), 815-824. [ DOI:10.1007/BF00986566] 11. Esmaeili, F., Kalatejari, S., Tajpour, Z. (2013). An investigation into the effect of organic and non-organic media in production of Dracaena marginata Ait. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 36(1), 52-64 (In Persian). 12. Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D., Basra, S.M.A. (2009). Plant Drought Stress: Effects, Mechanisms and Management. In: Lichtfouse, E., Navarrete, M., Debaeke, P., Véronique, S., Alberola, C. (eds.). Sustainable Agriculture. Springer, Dordrecht. pp 153-188.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8_12 [ DOI:10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8_12.] 13. Fitzpatrick, G.E. (1986). Sludge processing effect on compost quality. BioCycle (USA), 7(9), 32-35. 14. Fonteno, W.C. (1992a). Geraniums. In: Larson, R.A. (ed.). Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, California USA. pp. 451-475. [ DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-437651-9.50023-3] 15. Fonteno, W.C. (1992b). Problems & considerations in determining physical properties of horticultural substrates. In: International Symposium on Horticultural Substrates Other than Soil in Situ, 342, 197-204. [ DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.1993.342.22] 16. García-Albarado, J.C., Trejo-Téllez, L.I., Velásquez-Hernández, M.A., Ruiz-Bello, A., Gómez-Merino, F.C. (2010). Crecimiento de petunia en respuesta a diferentes proporciones de composta en sustrato. Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura, 16(2), 107-113 (In Spanish). [ DOI:10.5154/r.rchsh.2010.16.013] 17. Garcia-Gomez, A., Bernal, M.P., Roig, A. (2002). Growth of ornamental plants in two composts prepared from agroindustrial wastes. Bioresource Technology, 83(2), 81-87. [ DOI:10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00211-5] 18. Gaston, M.L., Konjoian, P.S., Kunkle, L.A., Wilt, M. (1997). Tips on Regulating Growth of Floriculture Crops. Ohio Florists Association Services. Inc. Columbus. USA. 124p. 19. Ghasemi Ghehsareh, M., Mohammadi, R. (2008). Principles of Breeding and Seed Production in Ornamental Plants. Elm afarin publisher. 268p. (In Persian). 20. Ghasemi Ghehsareh, M., Ghanbari, M., Reezi, S. (2020). The effects of different potted mixtures on the growth and development of miniature roses (Rosa 'Orange Meillandina'). International Journal of Recycling Organic Waste in Agriculture, 9(4), 399-409. 21. Glinski, J., Lipiec, J. (2018). Soil Physical Conditions and Plant Roots. CRC press. 250p. [ DOI:10.1201/9781351076708] 22. Gong, X., Li, S., Sun, X., Wang, L., Cai, L., Zhang, J., Wei, L. (2018). Green waste compost and vermicompost as peat substitutes in growing media for geranium (Pelargonium zonale L.) and calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 236, 186-191. [ DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.03.051] 23. Gruda, N.S. (2019). Increasing sustainability of growing media constituents and stand-alone substrates in soilless culture systems. Agronomy, 9(6), 1-24. [ DOI:10.3390/agronomy9060298] 24. Hassan, F.M., Yaseen, A.A., Abed, R.K. (2004). Effect of some medicinal plants extracts on the growth of the Alga Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetz. Iraqi Journal of Science, 45(1), 92-98. 25. Hernández, T., Moral, R., Perez-Espinosa, A., Moreno-Caselles, J., Perez-Murcia, M.D., Garcıa, C. (2002). Nitrogen mineralisation potential in calcareous soils amended with sewage sludge. Bioresource Technology, 83(3), 213-219. [ DOI:10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00224-3] 26. Hseu, Z.Y., Huang, C.C. (2005). Nitrogen mineralization potentials in three tropical soils treated with biosolids. Chemosphere, 59(3), 447-454. [ DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.10.042] 27. Hussain, R., Younis, A., Riaz, A., Tariq, U., Ali, S., Ali, A., Raza, S. (2017). Evaluating sustainable and environment friendly substrates for quality production of potted Caladium. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 6(1), 13-21. [ DOI:10.1007/s40093-016-0148-0] 28. Jones, A.P. (1999). Indoor air quality and health. Atmospheric Environment, 33(28), 4535-4564. [ DOI:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00272-1] 29. Kashihara, Y., Shinoda, K., Murata, N., Araki, H., Hoshino, Y. (2011). Evaluation of the horticultural traits of genus Alstroemeria and genus Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae). Turkish Journal of Botany, 35(2), 239-245. 30. Khalaj, M.A., Amiri, M. (2012). Effect of different substrates on quantitative and qualitative traits of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) in a nonrecyclying soilless culture system. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture-Isfahan University of Technology, 2(4), 47-55 (In Persian). 31. Khan, Z., Tiyagi, S.A., Mahmood, I., Rizvi, R. (2012). Effects of N fertilisation, organic matter, and biofertilisers on the growth and yield of chilli in relation to management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Turkish Journal of Botany, 36(1), 73-81. 32. Khayyat, M., Nazari, F., Salehi, H. (2007). Effects of different pot mixtures on pothos (Epipremnum aureum Lindl. and Andre 'Golden Pothos') growth and development. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 2(4), 341-348. 33. Khurana, E., Singh, J.S. (2000). Influence of seed size on seedling growth of Albizia procera under different soil water levels. Annals of Botany, 86(6), 1185-1192. [ DOI:10.1006/anbo.2000.1288] 34. Kolek, J., Kozinka, V. (1992). Physiology of the Plant Root System. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 361p. 35. Lichtenthaler, H.K. (1987). 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Evaluation of different growth media for tomato seedlings to optimize production and water use. Iran Agricultural Research, 36, 61-70 (In Persian). 41. Morales-Corts, M.R., Gómez-Sánchez, M.Á., Perez-Sanchez, R. (2014). Evaluation of green/pruning wastes compost and vermicompost, slumgum compost and their mixes as growing media for horticultural production. Scientia Horticulturae, 172, 155-160. [ DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.03.048] 42. Oki, L.R., Lieth, J.H. (2004). Effect of changes in substrate salinity on the elongation of Rosa hybrida L.'Kardinal' stems. Scientia Horticulturae, 101(1-2), 103-119. [ DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2003.09.013] 43. Ostos, J.C., López-Garrido, R., Murillo, J.M., López, R. (2008). Substitution of peat for municipal solid waste-and sewage sludge-based composts in nursery growing media: Effects on growth and nutrition of the native shrub Pistacia lentiscus L. Bioresource Technology, 99(6), 1793-1800. [ DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.033] 44. Pandey, R. (2005). Management of Meloidogyne incognita in Artemisia pallens with bio-organics. Phytoparasitica, 33(3), 304-308. [ DOI:10.1007/BF02979868] 45. Papafotiou, M., Phsyhalou, M., Kargas, G., Chatzipavlidis, I., Chronopoulos, J. (2004). Olive-mill wastes compost as growing medium component for the production of poinsettia. Scientia horticulturae, 102(2), 167-175. [ DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2003.11.016] 46. Pivot, D., Reist, A., Gillioz, J.M., Ryser, J.P. (1993). Water quality, climatic environment and mineral nutrition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in closed soilless cropping system. In: International Symposium on Water Quality & Quantity-Greenhouse, 207-214. [ DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.1998.458.24] 47. Putnam, A.R., Defrank, J., Barnes, J.P. (1983). Exploitation of allelopathy for weed control in annual and perennial cropping systems. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 9(8), 1001-1010. [ DOI:10.1007/BF00982207] 48. Qing-chao, L., Kui-ling, W., Qing-hua, L., Hui-tang, P., Qi-xiang, Z. (2014). 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Álvarez, J.M., Pasian, C., Lal, R., López, R., Díaz, M.J., Fernández, M. (2018). Morpho-physiological plant quality when biochar and vermicompost are used as growing media replacement in urban horticulture. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 34, 175-180. [ DOI:10.1016/j.ufug.2018.06.021] 62. Amiri Deh Ahmadi, S.R., Parsa, M., Ganjali, A. (2010). The effects of drought stress at different phenological stages on morphological traits and yield components of a chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8(1), 157-166 (In Persian). 63. Amooei, A.M., Ghasempour, N., Kameli, M. (2015). Licorice Cultivation Entrepreneurship Package. Asrar Elm Publisher, Tehran. 76p, (In Persian). 64. Arnon, D.I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24(1), 1. [ DOI:10.1104/pp.24.1.1] 65. Bañón, S., Miralles, J., Navarro, A., Sánchez-Blanco, M.J. (2009). 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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8_12 [ DOI:10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8_12.] 73. Fitzpatrick, G.E. (1986). Sludge processing effect on compost quality. BioCycle (USA), 7(9), 32-35. 74. Fonteno, W.C. (1992a). Geraniums. In: Larson, R.A. (ed.). Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, California USA. pp. 451-475. [ DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-437651-9.50023-3] 75. Fonteno, W.C. (1992b). Problems & considerations in determining physical properties of horticultural substrates. In: International Symposium on Horticultural Substrates Other than Soil in Situ, 342, 197-204. [ DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.1993.342.22] 76. García-Albarado, J.C., Trejo-Téllez, L.I., Velásquez-Hernández, M.A., Ruiz-Bello, A., Gómez-Merino, F.C. (2010). Crecimiento de petunia en respuesta a diferentes proporciones de composta en sustrato. Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura, 16(2), 107-113 (In Spanish). [ DOI:10.5154/r.rchsh.2010.16.013] 77. Garcia-Gomez, A., Bernal, M.P., Roig, A. (2002). 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Green waste compost and vermicompost as peat substitutes in growing media for geranium (Pelargonium zonale L.) and calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 236, 186-191. [ DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.03.051] 83. Gruda, N.S. (2019). Increasing sustainability of growing media constituents and stand-alone substrates in soilless culture systems. Agronomy, 9(6), 1-24. [ DOI:10.3390/agronomy9060298] 84. Hassan, F.M., Yaseen, A.A., Abed, R.K. (2004). Effect of some medicinal plants extracts on the growth of the Alga Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetz. Iraqi Journal of Science, 45(1), 92-98. 85. Hernández, T., Moral, R., Perez-Espinosa, A., Moreno-Caselles, J., Perez-Murcia, M.D., Garcıa, C. (2002). Nitrogen mineralisation potential in calcareous soils amended with sewage sludge. Bioresource Technology, 83(3), 213-219. [ DOI:10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00224-3] 86. Hseu, Z.Y., Huang, C.C. (2005). Nitrogen mineralization potentials in three tropical soils treated with biosolids. 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Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture-Isfahan University of Technology, 2(4), 47-55 (In Persian). 91. Khan, Z., Tiyagi, S.A., Mahmood, I., Rizvi, R. (2012). Effects of N fertilisation, organic matter, and biofertilisers on the growth and yield of chilli in relation to management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Turkish Journal of Botany, 36(1), 73-81. 92. Khayyat, M., Nazari, F., Salehi, H. (2007). Effects of different pot mixtures on pothos (Epipremnum aureum Lindl. and Andre 'Golden Pothos') growth and development. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 2(4), 341-348. 93. Khurana, E., Singh, J.S. (2000). Influence of seed size on seedling growth of Albizia procera under different soil water levels. Annals of Botany, 86(6), 1185-1192. [ DOI:10.1006/anbo.2000.1288] 94. Kolek, J., Kozinka, V. (1992). Physiology of the Plant Root System. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 361p. 95. Lichtenthaler, H.K. (1987). Chlorophylls and Carotenoids: Pigments of Photosynthetic Biomembranes, In: Packer, L., Douce, R. (eds.). Methods in Enzymology (vol. 48). Elsevier, pp 350-382. [ DOI:10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1] 96. Mahmboub Khomami, A. (2008). The effects of kind and rate of vermicompost in pot medium on the growth of Ficus bengamina. Seed and Plant, 24(2), 333-344 (In Persian). 97. Marschner, H. (2011). Marschner's Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press. 672p. 98. Mercurio, G. (2007). Cut Rose Cultivation Around the World. Schreurs, De Kwakel, The Netherlands. 249p. 99. Miller, P.R., McConkey, B.G., Clayton, G.W., Brandt, S.A., Staricka, J.A., Johnston, A.M., Lafond, G.P., Schatz, B. G., Baltensperger, D.D., Neill, K.E. (2002). Pulse crop adaptation in the northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal, 94(2), 261-272. [ DOI:10.2134/agronj2002.2610] 100. MirseyedHosseini, H., Alavipoor, E., Delshad, M. (2017). Evaluation of different growth media for tomato seedlings to optimize production and water use. Iran Agricultural Research, 36, 61-70 (In Persian). 101. Morales-Corts, M.R., Gómez-Sánchez, M.Á., Perez-Sanchez, R. (2014). Evaluation of green/pruning wastes compost and vermicompost, slumgum compost and their mixes as growing media for horticultural production. Scientia Horticulturae, 172, 155-160. [ DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.03.048] 102. Oki, L.R., Lieth, J.H. (2004). Effect of changes in substrate salinity on the elongation of Rosa hybrida L.'Kardinal' stems. Scientia Horticulturae, 101(1-2), 103-119. [ DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2003.09.013] 103. Ostos, J.C., López-Garrido, R., Murillo, J.M., López, R. (2008). Substitution of peat for municipal solid waste-and sewage sludge-based composts in nursery growing media: Effects on growth and nutrition of the native shrub Pistacia lentiscus L. Bioresource Technology, 99(6), 1793-1800. [ DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.033] 104. Pandey, R. (2005). 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