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:: Volume 4, Issue 2 (Fall-Winter 2020) ::
FOP 2020, 4(2): 101-114 Back to browse issues page
Study of correlation and cluster analysis of seed germination characteristics in 5 cultivars of Phalaenopsis orchid in Chen medium
Fatemeh Bidarnamani * , Seyyed Najmoddin Mortazavi , Maryam Rahimi
Zanjan University
Abstract:   (3869 Views)
Nowadays, in vitro techniques are proposed for commercial and rapid propagation of Phalaenopsis species. The present study aims were investigating the quality of seed germination of 5 cultivars of Phalaenopsis orchid, and correlation of their traits in the culture medium. The study was conducted using the green and ripe seeds in terms of 5 cultivars of orchid as Dubrovnik, Memphis, Andorra, Bucharest and Nottingham in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design. The capsules were formed using self-pollination of flowers in each cultivar. The green seeds were harvested at the stage of completely formed capsules and the ripe ones were harvested at the stage of initial browning of the capsule shell. The seeds were cultured on Chen's culture medium. The number of germinated and non-germinated seeds were counted 18-33 days after their culture. The following factors were measured for each treatment: germination percentage, germination rate, germination index, mean daily germination, mean germination time and coefficient of germination rate. Correlation coefficient of %98 between the measured characteristics indicated a significant correlation between germination rate and germination index. The results of cluster analysis that was conducted based on all the measured germination characteristics showed the maximum mean distance between clusters; ultimately, that separated into two groups at Euclidean distance of 1.25 which Dubrovnik and Memphis cultivars were classified in the first group and Andorra, Bucharest and Notingham cultivars were classified in the second group. The key characteristics in separating cluster among the groups were considered to be germination percentage, germination rate, germination index and mean germination time. Discrimination function analysis test confirmed the grouping among the cultivars in a 100% manner. Both Hoteling-Lawley Trace as well as Roy's Greatest Root tests showed the highest value of 5.23 to confirm the grouping. It is concluded that using cluster analysis and correlation coefficient Notingham had the highest value in germination factors based on the germination percentage, germination rate and germination index which were regarded as key traits for the breeding programs.
Keywords: Orchid, Seed, Propagation, Germination
Full-Text [PDF 456 kb]   (1126 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2020/03/28 | Accepted: 2020/11/8 | Published: 2020/11/19
References
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2. Balilashaki, KH., Naderi, R. & Kalantari, S. (2016). Comparing sexual and asexual micropropagation potential for reduction of juvenile phase in Phalaenopsis orchid. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 47 (2), 221-232. [In Persian with English abstract].
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21. Salehzade, H., Izadkhah Shishvan, M., & Chiyasi, M. (2009). Effect of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(5), 629-631.
22. Shekari F, Masiha, S., & Esmaeilpour, B. (2007). Physiology of vegetable crops (Translated). University of Zanjan Publications, Zanjan. 395 pp. [In Persian with English Abstract].
23. Tekrony, D.M. & Egli, D.B. (1991). Relationship of seed vigor to crop yield: a review. Crop Science, 31, 816-822. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183X003100030054x]
24. Zheng, Y.X., Shen, B.N., Chen, C.C., & Jan, F.J. (2010). Odonto glossum ring spot virus causing flower crinkle in Phalaenopsis hybrids. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 128, 1-5. [DOI:10.1007/s10658-010-9630-0]
25. Bagheri, H., Ghazi-khanlou Sani, Y., Andalibi, B., Azimi-moghadam, M.R., Zangani, A., & Jamshidi, S. (2012). Study of seed germination indices and early growth of safflower seedlings with different seed weight under drought stress. Quarterly journal of Modern Knowledge of Sustainable Agriculture. 8 (3). [In Persian].
26. Balilashaki, KH., Naderi, R. & Kalantari, S. (2016). Comparing sexual and asexual micropropagation potential for reduction of juvenile phase in Phalaenopsis orchid. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 47 (2), 221-232. [In Persian with English abstract].
27. Draper, S.R. (1985). Seed science and technology. International seed testing association (ISTA).
28. Chien, K.W., Agrawal, D.C., Tsay, H.S., & Chang, C.A. (2015). Elimination of mixed 'Odonto glossum ringspot' and 'Cymbidium mosaic' viruses from Phalaenopsis hybrid "V3" through shoot-tip culture and protocorm-like body selection. Crop Protection, 67, 1-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.cropro.2014.09.008]
29. Falconer, A.R. (1989). Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. 3rd edition. Longman, New York, USA. pp. 223.
30. Haji-babaii, M., Goldani, M., Shirani-rad, A.H., & Nezami, A. (2015). Evaluation of characteristics and indices germination affecting drought tolerance in new lines of Brassica napus. Journal of Crop Physiology. 7 (26), 71-84.
31. Hamidi A, Rudi D, Asghari V, Hajilui, S. (2009) Study on applicability of controlled deterioration vigor test for evaluation of seed vigor and field performance of three oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Journal of Plant and Seed, 24, 677-706. [In Persian with English Abstract]
32. Hunter, E.A., Glasbey, C.A., & Naylor, R.E.L. (1984). The analysis of data from germination tests. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 102, 207-213. [DOI:10.1017/S0021859600041642]
33. Jhon, A.Q., Bichoo, G.A., & Wani, S.A. (2002). Correlation studies in gladiolus. Journal of Ornamental Hortculture, 5, 25-29.
34. Johnson, R.A., & Wichern, D.W. (1988). Applied multivariate statistical analysis. Prentice Hall International Inc., London, 607p. [DOI:10.2307/2531616]
35. Kheybari, M., Shirani Rad, A.H., Seyfzadeh, S., Hadidi Masouleh, E., & Zakerian, H.R. (2018). Investigation of sowing date of mother plant effect on germination indices of autumn rapeseed cultivars and lines. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology. 7 (2), 237-246.
36. Lee, J., & P.J. Kaltsikes . (1973) . Multivriate statistical anlysis of grain yield and agronomic characters in durum wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 43, 226-231. [DOI:10.1007/BF00309138]
37. Liu, Y.C., Lin, B.Y., Lin, J.Y., Wub, W.L., & Chang, C.C. (2016). Evaluation of chloroplast DNA markers for intraspecific identification of Phalaenopsis eustress cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 203, 86-94. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2016.03.021]
38. Miano, T.F. Rabbani, M.G., & Balochi, A.W. (2015). Character association and path analysis in orchids, Science International Lahore, 27(4), 3297-3300.
39. Minh, T.N., Khang, D.T., Tuyen, P.T., Minh, L.T., Anh, L.H., Quan, N.V., Ha, P.T.T., Quan, N.T., Toan, N.P., & Elzaawely, A.A. (2016). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Phalaenopsis orchid hybrids. Antioxidants, 5, 31. [DOI:10.3390/antiox5030031]
40. Misra, S., Gupta,Y.C., & Rao, A.R. (2003). Correlation and path-coefficient studies in Carnation. Journal of Ornamnetal. Horticulture, 6, 24-28
41. Mohammadi, S.A., & B.M. Prasanna. (2003). Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants- Salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Science, 43(3), 1235-1248. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci2003.1235]
42. Radhakrishna, K.N., Janakiram, T., & Srinivas, M. (2004). Correlation studies in tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L.). Journal of Ornamnetal. Horticulture, 7, 110-116
43. Rasmussen, H.N. (1995). Terrestrial Orchids from Seed to Mycotrophic Plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1564 PP. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511525452]
44. Roin, Z., Hasanpour Asil, M., and Sabouri, A. (2015). Evaluation of morphological characteristics, genetically valuation and genotypic grouping in Chrysanthemum. Journal of Crop production and processing, 5 (16), 345- 359. [DOI:10.18869/acadpub.jcpp.5.16.345]
45. Salehzade, H., Izadkhah Shishvan, M., & Chiyasi, M. (2009). Effect of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(5), 629-631.
46. Shekari F, Masiha, S., & Esmaeilpour, B. (2007). Physiology of vegetable crops (Translated). University of Zanjan Publications, Zanjan. 395 pp. [In Persian with English Abstract].
47. Tekrony, D.M. & Egli, D.B. (1991). Relationship of seed vigor to crop yield: a review. Crop Science, 31, 816-822. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183X003100030054x]
48. Zheng, Y.X., Shen, B.N., Chen, C.C., & Jan, F.J. (2010). Odonto glossum ring spot virus causing flower crinkle in Phalaenopsis hybrids. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 128, 1-5. [DOI:10.1007/s10658-010-9630-0]
49. Bagheri, H., Ghazi-khanlou Sani, Y., Andalibi, B., Azimi-moghadam, M.R., Zangani, A., & Jamshidi, S. (2012). Study of seed germination indices and early growth of safflower seedlings with different seed weight under drought stress. Quarterly journal of Modern Knowledge of Sustainable Agriculture. 8 (3). [In Persian].
50. Balilashaki, KH., Naderi, R. & Kalantari, S. (2016). Comparing sexual and asexual micropropagation potential for reduction of juvenile phase in Phalaenopsis orchid. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 47 (2), 221-232. [In Persian with English abstract].
51. Draper, S.R. (1985). Seed science and technology. International seed testing association (ISTA).
52. Chien, K.W., Agrawal, D.C., Tsay, H.S., & Chang, C.A. (2015). Elimination of mixed 'Odonto glossum ringspot' and 'Cymbidium mosaic' viruses from Phalaenopsis hybrid "V3" through shoot-tip culture and protocorm-like body selection. Crop Protection, 67, 1-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.cropro.2014.09.008]
53. Falconer, A.R. (1989). Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. 3rd edition. Longman, New York, USA. pp. 223.
54. Haji-babaii, M., Goldani, M., Shirani-rad, A.H., & Nezami, A. (2015). Evaluation of characteristics and indices germination affecting drought tolerance in new lines of Brassica napus. Journal of Crop Physiology. 7 (26), 71-84.
55. Hamidi A, Rudi D, Asghari V, Hajilui, S. (2009) Study on applicability of controlled deterioration vigor test for evaluation of seed vigor and field performance of three oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Journal of Plant and Seed, 24, 677-706. [In Persian with English Abstract]
56. Hunter, E.A., Glasbey, C.A., & Naylor, R.E.L. (1984). The analysis of data from germination tests. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 102, 207-213. [DOI:10.1017/S0021859600041642]
57. Jhon, A.Q., Bichoo, G.A., & Wani, S.A. (2002). Correlation studies in gladiolus. Journal of Ornamental Hortculture, 5, 25-29.
58. Johnson, R.A., & Wichern, D.W. (1988). Applied multivariate statistical analysis. Prentice Hall International Inc., London, 607p. [DOI:10.2307/2531616]
59. Kheybari, M., Shirani Rad, A.H., Seyfzadeh, S., Hadidi Masouleh, E., & Zakerian, H.R. (2018). Investigation of sowing date of mother plant effect on germination indices of autumn rapeseed cultivars and lines. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology. 7 (2), 237-246.
60. Lee, J., & P.J. Kaltsikes . (1973) . Multivriate statistical anlysis of grain yield and agronomic characters in durum wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 43, 226-231. [DOI:10.1007/BF00309138]
61. Liu, Y.C., Lin, B.Y., Lin, J.Y., Wub, W.L., & Chang, C.C. (2016). Evaluation of chloroplast DNA markers for intraspecific identification of Phalaenopsis eustress cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 203, 86-94. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2016.03.021]
62. Miano, T.F. Rabbani, M.G., & Balochi, A.W. (2015). Character association and path analysis in orchids, Science International Lahore, 27(4), 3297-3300.
63. Minh, T.N., Khang, D.T., Tuyen, P.T., Minh, L.T., Anh, L.H., Quan, N.V., Ha, P.T.T., Quan, N.T., Toan, N.P., & Elzaawely, A.A. (2016). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Phalaenopsis orchid hybrids. Antioxidants, 5, 31. [DOI:10.3390/antiox5030031]
64. Misra, S., Gupta,Y.C., & Rao, A.R. (2003). Correlation and path-coefficient studies in Carnation. Journal of Ornamnetal. Horticulture, 6, 24-28
65. Mohammadi, S.A., & B.M. Prasanna. (2003). Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants- Salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Science, 43(3), 1235-1248. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci2003.1235]
66. Radhakrishna, K.N., Janakiram, T., & Srinivas, M. (2004). Correlation studies in tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L.). Journal of Ornamnetal. Horticulture, 7, 110-116
67. Rasmussen, H.N. (1995). Terrestrial Orchids from Seed to Mycotrophic Plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1564 PP. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511525452]
68. Roin, Z., Hasanpour Asil, M., and Sabouri, A. (2015). Evaluation of morphological characteristics, genetically valuation and genotypic grouping in Chrysanthemum. Journal of Crop production and processing, 5 (16), 345- 359. [DOI:10.18869/acadpub.jcpp.5.16.345]
69. Salehzade, H., Izadkhah Shishvan, M., & Chiyasi, M. (2009). Effect of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(5), 629-631.
70. Shekari F, Masiha, S., & Esmaeilpour, B. (2007). Physiology of vegetable crops (Translated). University of Zanjan Publications, Zanjan. 395 pp. [In Persian with English Abstract].
71. Tekrony, D.M. & Egli, D.B. (1991). Relationship of seed vigor to crop yield: a review. Crop Science, 31, 816-822. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183X003100030054x]
72. Zheng, Y.X., Shen, B.N., Chen, C.C., & Jan, F.J. (2010). Odonto glossum ring spot virus causing flower crinkle in Phalaenopsis hybrids. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 128, 1-5. [DOI:10.1007/s10658-010-9630-0]
73. Bagheri, H., Ghazi-khanlou Sani, Y., Andalibi, B., Azimi-moghadam, M.R., Zangani, A., & Jamshidi, S. (2012). Study of seed germination indices and early growth of safflower seedlings with different seed weight under drought stress. Quarterly journal of Modern Knowledge of Sustainable Agriculture. 8 (3). [In Persian].
74. Balilashaki, KH., Naderi, R. & Kalantari, S. (2016). Comparing sexual and asexual micropropagation potential for reduction of juvenile phase in Phalaenopsis orchid. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 47 (2), 221-232. [In Persian with English abstract].
75. Draper, S.R. (1985). Seed science and technology. International seed testing association (ISTA).
76. Chien, K.W., Agrawal, D.C., Tsay, H.S., & Chang, C.A. (2015). Elimination of mixed 'Odonto glossum ringspot' and 'Cymbidium mosaic' viruses from Phalaenopsis hybrid "V3" through shoot-tip culture and protocorm-like body selection. Crop Protection, 67, 1-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.cropro.2014.09.008]
77. Falconer, A.R. (1989). Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. 3rd edition. Longman, New York, USA. pp. 223.
78. Haji-babaii, M., Goldani, M., Shirani-rad, A.H., & Nezami, A. (2015). Evaluation of characteristics and indices germination affecting drought tolerance in new lines of Brassica napus. Journal of Crop Physiology. 7 (26), 71-84.
79. Hamidi A, Rudi D, Asghari V, Hajilui, S. (2009) Study on applicability of controlled deterioration vigor test for evaluation of seed vigor and field performance of three oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Journal of Plant and Seed, 24, 677-706. [In Persian with English Abstract]
80. Hunter, E.A., Glasbey, C.A., & Naylor, R.E.L. (1984). The analysis of data from germination tests. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 102, 207-213. [DOI:10.1017/S0021859600041642]
81. Jhon, A.Q., Bichoo, G.A., & Wani, S.A. (2002). Correlation studies in gladiolus. Journal of Ornamental Hortculture, 5, 25-29.
82. Johnson, R.A., & Wichern, D.W. (1988). Applied multivariate statistical analysis. Prentice Hall International Inc., London, 607p. [DOI:10.2307/2531616]
83. Kheybari, M., Shirani Rad, A.H., Seyfzadeh, S., Hadidi Masouleh, E., & Zakerian, H.R. (2018). Investigation of sowing date of mother plant effect on germination indices of autumn rapeseed cultivars and lines. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology. 7 (2), 237-246.
84. Lee, J., & P.J. Kaltsikes . (1973) . Multivriate statistical anlysis of grain yield and agronomic characters in durum wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 43, 226-231. [DOI:10.1007/BF00309138]
85. Liu, Y.C., Lin, B.Y., Lin, J.Y., Wub, W.L., & Chang, C.C. (2016). Evaluation of chloroplast DNA markers for intraspecific identification of Phalaenopsis eustress cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 203, 86-94. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2016.03.021]
86. Miano, T.F. Rabbani, M.G., & Balochi, A.W. (2015). Character association and path analysis in orchids, Science International Lahore, 27(4), 3297-3300.
87. Minh, T.N., Khang, D.T., Tuyen, P.T., Minh, L.T., Anh, L.H., Quan, N.V., Ha, P.T.T., Quan, N.T., Toan, N.P., & Elzaawely, A.A. (2016). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Phalaenopsis orchid hybrids. Antioxidants, 5, 31. [DOI:10.3390/antiox5030031]
88. Misra, S., Gupta,Y.C., & Rao, A.R. (2003). Correlation and path-coefficient studies in Carnation. Journal of Ornamnetal. Horticulture, 6, 24-28
89. Mohammadi, S.A., & B.M. Prasanna. (2003). Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants- Salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Science, 43(3), 1235-1248. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci2003.1235]
90. Radhakrishna, K.N., Janakiram, T., & Srinivas, M. (2004). Correlation studies in tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L.). Journal of Ornamnetal. Horticulture, 7, 110-116
91. Rasmussen, H.N. (1995). Terrestrial Orchids from Seed to Mycotrophic Plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1564 PP. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511525452]
92. Roin, Z., Hasanpour Asil, M., and Sabouri, A. (2015). Evaluation of morphological characteristics, genetically valuation and genotypic grouping in Chrysanthemum. Journal of Crop production and processing, 5 (16), 345- 359. [DOI:10.18869/acadpub.jcpp.5.16.345]
93. Salehzade, H., Izadkhah Shishvan, M., & Chiyasi, M. (2009). Effect of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(5), 629-631.
94. Shekari F, Masiha, S., & Esmaeilpour, B. (2007). Physiology of vegetable crops (Translated). University of Zanjan Publications, Zanjan. 395 pp. [In Persian with English Abstract].
95. Tekrony, D.M. & Egli, D.B. (1991). Relationship of seed vigor to crop yield: a review. Crop Science, 31, 816-822. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183X003100030054x]
96. Zheng, Y.X., Shen, B.N., Chen, C.C., & Jan, F.J. (2010). Odonto glossum ring spot virus causing flower crinkle in Phalaenopsis hybrids. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 128, 1-5. [DOI:10.1007/s10658-010-9630-0]
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Bidarnamani F, Mortazavi S N, Rahimi M. Study of correlation and cluster analysis of seed germination characteristics in 5 cultivars of Phalaenopsis orchid in Chen medium. FOP 2020; 4 (2) :101-114
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گل و گیاهان زینتی Flower and Ornamental Plants
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