Iranian Society for Ornamental Plants Flower and Ornamental Plants 2676-5993 2676-5993 2 1 2017 4 1 Botanical Insecticide, Palizin a Good Alternative for Control of Rose Aphid, Macrosiphum rosae (Hom., Aphididae) Compared with Chemical Insecticide, Imidacloprid 1 9 FA Moloud Gholamzadeh-Chitgar Plant Protection Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran b_gh.chitgar60@yahoo.com Y The aphid, Macrosiphum rosae is one of the important pests of Rosa spp., feeds by sucking sap from plant which leads to leaves and shoots distortion and reduction of plant growth and crop productivity. In this study, the efficiency of botanical insecticide, palizin® was compared with the chemical insecticide, imidacloprid® in the laboratory and outdoor condition. The insecticides were evaluated at the maximum recommended field concentration: palizin 2000 ppm, imidacloprid 500 ppm and water was used as control. Spraying was done by a hand sprayer on both sides of Rose leaves until the leaves were covered completely by insectisides. The number of dead aphids was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. To obtain the number of dead aphids, the live adults were counted at different times post treatment. According to the results, statistically significant difference found among treatments (P ≤ 0.05). The insecticides were noticeably decreased the number of M. rosae and caused mortality more than 90% in both conditions. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean mortality percentage when imidacloprid and palizin were compared. This shows that botanical insecticide, palizin can effectively control M. rosae and can be used instead of chemical insecticide, imidacloprid, in control programs of this pest. Aphid, Botanical Insecticide, Imidacloprid, Palizin, Rosa http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-118-en.html http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-118-en.pdf

Iranian Society for Ornamental Plants Flower and Ornamental Plants 2676-5993 2676-5993 2 1 2017 4 1 Diversity Induction in Flower Color of Iris germanica Through Hybridization 10 24 FA Mohammad Hossein Azimi Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI), AgriculturalResearch, Education and Extension (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran. m.h.azimi58@gmail.com Y Somayyeh Jozghasemi N Behzad Edrisi Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI), AgriculturalResearch, Education and Extension (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran. N One of the most attractive features in the selection of ornamental plants by the consumers is the flower color. This research was performed to create and introduce new iris varieties through hybridization of German irises and one Iranian wild species (Iris spuria). The research was conducted in the Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC) from 2011 to 2014.The economic aspects of ornamental plants and one of the main objectives of the breeding program in ornamental plants is variation in flower color. In the present research the flower color was analyzed using digital imaging software testing with the Color tester. The results showed that the flower color of the new hybrids were different to their parents and were more superior (50%) than them. Results of the data grouping separated, 38 new hybrids and 8 parents into four groups, which were mustard, purple, purple violet and white. The maximum number of progenies with purple flower color were obtained from brown × blue and also lilac × dark violet hybridization. Purple progenies were obtained from dark purple and light purple and violets offsprings (100%) were attained from I. spuria × brown varieties. The highest rates of changes were observed in the mustard, purple, violet, light purple and white in the crosses of yellow × brown and dark purple × white. The progenies of the brown × I. spuria were all dark purple. This research has been carried out for the first time in the country and as it could be used to strengthen the varieties of iris germplasm in the country it could also supply the needs of the market. Color Index, Grouping, Hybridization, Iris, Purple-Violet http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-119-en.html http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-119-en.pdf

Iranian Society for Ornamental Plants Flower and Ornamental Plants 2676-5993 2676-5993 2 1 2017 4 1 The Importance of Rootstocks and Rooting Media on Vegetative Propagation of Roses in Stenting Method 25 34 FA Behzad Edrisi Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI), AgriculturalResearch, Education and Extension (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran. behzadedrisi@yahoo.com Y Amir Arabi Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI), AgriculturalResearch, Education and Extension (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran. N Mohammad Hossein Azimi Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI), AgriculturalResearch, Education and Extension (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran. m.h.azimi58@gmail.com N Due to benefits of grafting in commercial rose propagation simultaneous cutting and grafting method is one of the most important research topics for roses. Therefore, in the present investigation two types of rooting media and three propagation methods were compared. Rotting media were both sand and peat in equal parts or perlite and peat in equal parts. The propagation methods included grafting (stenting) Rosa hybrida ꞌBaccaraꞌ on two rootstocks R. canina / R. canina ꞌInermisꞌ or propagate it by cuttings. The results showed that mixture of sand and peat in equal proportions was the best medium which resulted in the maximum rooting percent. Mean comparisons showed that R. canina rootstock showed the highest rooting percent and quality (length (cm), number of roots), callus formation and rooting compared to R. canina ꞌInermisꞌ. An increase in callus formation resulted in the increase in the number of roots, rate of rooting and percent of rooting. Baccara, Grafting, Rooting, Rosa canina, Stenting http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-120-en.html http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-120-en.pdf

Iranian Society for Ornamental Plants Flower and Ornamental Plants 2676-5993 2676-5993 2 1 2017 4 1 Increasing Vase Life of Gerbera by Using Silver Nano Particles and Hydroxyquinoline Citrate 35 44 FA Somayeh Rastegar Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture science, Hormozgan University, Hormozgan, Iran rastegarhort@gmail.com Y Asghar Zareii Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture science, Islamic Azad University, Branch of Jiroft, Iran N In recent years application of nanoparticles due to their antimicrobial properties has become widespread in the postharvest of agricultural plants. There is a high demand to increase the quality of post-harvest of commercially important cut flowers such as gerbera. In this study, different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (0, 5, 10, 20 mg/l) and hydroxyquinoline citrate (0, 200, 400 mg/l) were compared. During the experiment vase life, relative fresh weight, the uptake solution, the cell membrane stability index, water content of petals were measured. Results showed that the effect of silver nanoparticles and hydroxyquinoline citrate on most characteristics were significant. The maximum vase life was observed when hydroxyquinoline citrate and silver nanoparticles were used at 200 mg/l and 10, 20 mg/l respectively. Interactive effect of silver nanoparticles and hydroxyquinoline citrate significantly increased vase life, water content gerbera, cell membrane stability index, flower petals and the uptake solution during the trials. Gerbera, Hydroxyquinoline Citrate, Silver Nanoparticles, Vase Life http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-121-en.html http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-121-en.pdf

Iranian Society for Ornamental Plants Flower and Ornamental Plants 2676-5993 2676-5993 2 1 2017 4 1 Introducing the Best Cutting Type and Best Suitable Media for Rooting Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) 45 51 FA Fatemeh Bidarnamani Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Zabol, Iran f.bidarnamani65@uoz.ac.ir Y Mohammad Forouzandeh Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Zabol, Iran N Mehdi Shabanipoor Islamic Azad University, Branch of Arak, Iran N Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a plant of the Lamiaceae family which is propagated by semi-hard wood cuttings in the summer. Current study was carried out to investigate the effect of stem diameter in various rooting media. Treatments included three rooting media: perlite, perlite+ cocopeat and sand; and three stem diameters: 1-2 mm (herbaceous cuttings), 3-4 mm (semi-hardwood cuttings) and 5-7 mm (hardwood cuttings). Rooting percent, number of roots and roots length were measured. The result showed that the effect of rooting media, stem diameter and their interaction were significant (P≤ 0.01). The highest percentage of rooting, maximum number of roots and root length were observed in the treatment with 1-2 mm stem diameter; hence rooting in herbaceous cutting were significantly more effective than the semi-hardwood cuttings and hardwood cuttings. In comparing the rooting media, the highest percent of rooting (48%) was observed on perlite-cocopeat substrate, which was not significantly different to perlite substrate. However, the maximum number and highest root length was attained in the perlite substrate. Therefore, it is recommended to the greenhouse owners, in order to propagate high quality rosemary, use herbaceous cuttings on perlite substrate Herbaceous cutting, Perlite, Rooting, Rosemary, Sand http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-122-en.html http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-122-en.pdf

Iranian Society for Ornamental Plants Flower and Ornamental Plants 2676-5993 2676-5993 2 1 2017 4 1 Approaches to Deal with The Reduction of Cut Flowers Quality Caused by Senescence 52 70 FA Mahdiyeh Kharrazi Department of Ornamental Plant Biotechnology, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Branch of Mashhad, Iran ma_kh230@yahoo.com Y Abdol Reza Bagheri Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran N Ali Tehranifar Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran N Despite the high economic value of cut flowers, they are capable of high corruptibility and usually have very short vase life. Therefore attempt to enhance the vase life of them by regulating the senescence by genetic manipulation or chemical treatments may be increase vase life quality. During the senescence process, the rate of photosynthesis reduces and respiration rate increases. Hydrolyzing enzymes activity such as protease is also increased. Destruction of biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids also occurs during the senescence process. Among all the factors influencing the aging process, plant growth regulators and environmental factors play an important role. Ethylene is known as aging hormone in plants, while cytokinins postpone the aging process in many plant species. The use of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors such as AOA or inhibitors of its activity, such as STS and 1-MCP can increase postharvest longevity of ethylene-sensitive plants. Silencing the ethylene biosynthesis pathway genes through genetic engineering techniques could also increase the shelf life of cut flowers and delaying the aging process. Different environmental factors such as temperature, light and relative humidity affect the senescence process and longevity of cut flowers, of which, temperature is the most important factor. At low temperatures, metabolic activity, respiration rate, carbohydrates and other storage materials consumption in the plant tissue is reduced. Flowers produced less ethylene and sensitivity to the presence of ethylene in the atmosphere is reduced. Also the loss of water and the growth of microorganisms occur at a slower rate. Therefore, it is recommended that the storage and transportation of ornamental products take place at minimum temperature. Ethylene, Respiration, Temperature, Cut Flowers, Genetic Engineering http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-123-en.html http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-123-en.pdf