[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
About the Journal
Editorial Board
Aims & Scope
Journal News
Articles archive::
All Issues
Current Issue
For Authors::
Call for Papers
Submission Instruction
Submission Form
For Reviewers::
Reviewers Section
Registration::
Registration Information
Registration Form
Contact us::
Contact Information
Contact us
Site Facilities::
Site map
Search contents
FAQ
Top 10 contents
Inform to friends
Indexing and Abstracting::
Reviewers::
Publication Ethics::
Copyright and Licensing::
Fees and Charges::
Open Access Statement::
::
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
:: Volume 7, Issue 1 (Spring and Summer 2022) ::
FOP 2022, 7(1): 63-76 Back to browse issues page
The Role of Houseplants in Reducing Depression during COVID-19 Quarantine
Mozhgan Zangeneh , Zahra Salehi , Mohamadreza Salehi Salmi *
Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resource University of Khuzestan
Abstract:   (2365 Views)
Due to the prevalence of COVID-19 epidemic in society and its transformation into a major global problem, as well as according to the World Health Organization, it seems that mental disorders will be the most important side effect of this disease. Long-term mental disorders have serious and dangerous effects on all vital organs such as the heart and blood vessels. It seems that one of the strategies is to grow and maintain flowers and ornamental plants in apartment environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of houseplants in reducing depression during quarantine due to COVID-19 by a combined "descriptive-analytical" method in Ahvaz city. A questionnaire was designed to collect data, which included various sections including: among the personal and professional characteristics of the respondents as well as the variables measuring the respondents' attitude towards the position of houseplants in reducing depression during the quarantine caused by COVID-19. In this study, data comparisons were performed using T-test and F-test and ISDM method was used for leveling. The results of this study showed that the highest frequency of responses in the attitude of respondents towards the position of houseplants in reducing depression was at a relatively positive level with a frequency of 137 people (35.7%) regarding the position of houseplants in reducing depression caused by quarantine of COVID-19 disease in Ahvaz. The results of Duncan test showed that there is a significant difference between the attitudes of the respondents whose home area was less than 62.2 meters and the respondents whose home area was more, at the probability level of 5%. In the other words, respondents whose home area was more than 62.2 meters had a more positive attitude towards the role of houseplants in reducing depression caused by COVID-19 quarantine. Findings on how to select plants also showed that people who use scientific books and experts to select flowers and plants, have a more positive view of the position of houseplants in reducing depression caused by the quarantine of Covid-19 disease. In general, 80% of the respondents preferred ornamental and flowering plants for keeping at home, and fruit, vegetable and medicinal plants were placed in the next ranks with great differences, respectively. It was found that people who live with houseplants for a long time, have a higher level of happiness and tolerance threshold and less aggression, and ultimately suffer less from depression and other mental disorders.
Keywords: Coronavirus, Environment, Houseplants, Mental health, Pandemics, Stress
Full-Text [PDF 664 kb]   (441 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: General
Received: 2022/04/16 | Accepted: 2022/06/21 | Published: 2022/10/10
References
1. Asadollahe, M., Rafezi, Z. (2021). Evaluation of Psychological Effects of Coronavirus and Subsequent Quarantine on Children with Using Drawing Tests: a case study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2, 121-131. (Persian).
2. Barton, J., Pretty, J. (2010). What is the best does of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis. Environment Science & Technology, 44, 39-47. [DOI:10.1021/es903183r]
3. Bringslimark, T., Hartig, T., Patil, G.G. (2009). The psychological benefits of indoor plants: A critical review of the experimental literature. Journal of Environmental Psychology 29, 422-433. [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.05.001]
4. Chi, S.H. (2012). Effect of horticultural therapy on mental health of prison inmates. Journal of Korean Society People Plants Environmental, 15, 441-447. [DOI:10.11628/ksppe.2012.15.6.441]
5. Dijkstra, K., Pieterse, M.E., Pruyn, A. (2008). Stress-reducing effects of indoor plants in the built healthcare environment: The mediating role of perceived attractiveness. Preventive Medicine, 47, 279-283. [DOI:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.013]
6. Dravigne, A., Waliczek, T.M., Lineberger, R.D. (2008). The effect of live plants and window views of green spaces on perceptions of job satisfaction. Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 43, 183-187. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.43.1.183]
7. Flateaua, C., Noël, C., Bonnafoux, A., Fuentes, E., de Pontfarcy, A., Diamantis, S. (2021). Psychological impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on the staff of a French hospital. Infectious Diseases Now, 51, 187-193. [DOI:10.1016/j.idnow.2021.01.007]
8. Hartig, T., Evans, G.W., Jamner, L.D. (2009). Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 109-23. [DOI:10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00109-3]
9. Kaiser, M. (1996). Alternative to therapy: garden program. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 33, 21-24. [DOI:10.1080/15374417609532706]
10. Kaplan, R. (1997). Some psychological benefits of gardening. Environment and Behavior, 55, 145-162. [DOI:10.1177/001391657300500202]
11. Karbakhsh Ravari, H., Ghiasinejad, Z., Soltaninejad, S. (2016). The effect of flowers and plants on the mental state of people in urban environments. 8th Conference on New Research in Science and Technology (in Persian).
12. Lee, A.Y., Kim, S.Y., Kwon, H.J., Park, S.A. (2021). Horticultural therapy program for mental health of prisoners: Case report. Integrative Medicine Research, 100495. [DOI:10.1016/j.imr.2020.100495]
13. Lee, S.M., Moon, J.H., Jeong, S.J., Lee, Y.J. (2013). Effects of horticultural therapy pro-gram focusing on cultivating activities for prisoners scheduled to be released on depression and salivary cortisol. Journal of Korean Society of People, Plants and Environmental, 16, 173-180. [DOI:10.11628/ksppe.2013.16.4.173]
14. Lohr, V.I. (2010). What are the benefits of plants indoors and why do we respond positively to them? Acta Horticulturae, 881, 675-682. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.881.111]
15. Lohr, V.I., Pearson-Mims, C.H. (1996). Particulate matter accumulation on horizontal surfaces in interiors: Influence of foliage plants. Atmospheric Environmental, 30, 2565-2568. [DOI:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00465-3]
16. Matsuo, E. (2004). Humanity in horticulture-healing and pleasure. Acta Horticulture, 790, 39-44. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.790.3]
17. Rai, S.K., Yazdany, J., Fortin, P.R., Avina-Zubieta, J.A. (2015). Approaches for estimating minimal clinically important differences in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Research Therapy, 17,143. [DOI:10.1186/s13075-015-0658-6]
18. Relf, D. (2008). Historical perspective on theoretical models for research and program development in horticultural therapy. Acta Horticulture, 775, 79-91. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.775.9]
19. Sadeghi, S., Abedi, M.H. (2015). The effect of plants on humans in combination with the architecture of residential houses. National Conference on Iranian-Islamic Architecture and Urban Planning (in Persian).
20. Smith, V.D., Aldous, D.E. (1994). Effect of Therapeutic Horticulture on the Self-concept of the Mildly Intellectually Disabled Student. In: Francis, M., Lindsey, P., Rice, JC. (eds). The Healing Dimensions of People-plant Relations. Center for Design Research. UC Davis.
21. Son, K.C., Jung, S.J., Lee, A.Y., Park, S.A. (2016). The theoretical model and universal definition of horticultural therapy. Acta Horticulture, 26, 79-88. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1121.12]
22. Ulrich, R.S. (1979). Visual landscapes and psychological well-being. Landscape Research, 4, 17-23. [DOI:10.1080/01426397908705892]
23. Ulrich, R.S. (1981). Natural versus urban scenes. Environmental Behavior, 13, 523-556. [DOI:10.1177/0013916581135001]
24. Zajaji, N., Nikbakht, A., Kafi, M. (2014). Principles of designing medical areas with emphasis on the components of healing gardens, medical gardens and Iranian gardens. Environmental Science and Technology, 13, 317-306. (In Persian).
25. Asadollahe, M., Rafezi, Z. (2021). Evaluation of Psychological Effects of Coronavirus and Subsequent Quarantine on Children with Using Drawing Tests: a case study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2, 121-131. (Persian).
26. Barton, J., Pretty, J. (2010). What is the best does of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis. Environment Science & Technology, 44, 39-47. [DOI:10.1021/es903183r]
27. Bringslimark, T., Hartig, T., Patil, G.G. (2009). The psychological benefits of indoor plants: A critical review of the experimental literature. Journal of Environmental Psychology 29, 422-433. [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.05.001]
28. Chi, S.H. (2012). Effect of horticultural therapy on mental health of prison inmates. Journal of Korean Society People Plants Environmental, 15, 441-447. [DOI:10.11628/ksppe.2012.15.6.441]
29. Dijkstra, K., Pieterse, M.E., Pruyn, A. (2008). Stress-reducing effects of indoor plants in the built healthcare environment: The mediating role of perceived attractiveness. Preventive Medicine, 47, 279-283. [DOI:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.013]
30. Dravigne, A., Waliczek, T.M., Lineberger, R.D. (2008). The effect of live plants and window views of green spaces on perceptions of job satisfaction. Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 43, 183-187. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.43.1.183]
31. Flateaua, C., Noël, C., Bonnafoux, A., Fuentes, E., de Pontfarcy, A., Diamantis, S. (2021). Psychological impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on the staff of a French hospital. Infectious Diseases Now, 51, 187-193. [DOI:10.1016/j.idnow.2021.01.007]
32. Hartig, T., Evans, G.W., Jamner, L.D. (2009). Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 109-23. [DOI:10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00109-3]
33. Kaiser, M. (1996). Alternative to therapy: garden program. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 33, 21-24. [DOI:10.1080/15374417609532706]
34. Kaplan, R. (1997). Some psychological benefits of gardening. Environment and Behavior, 55, 145-162. [DOI:10.1177/001391657300500202]
35. Karbakhsh Ravari, H., Ghiasinejad, Z., Soltaninejad, S. (2016). The effect of flowers and plants on the mental state of people in urban environments. 8th Conference on New Research in Science and Technology (in Persian).
36. Lee, A.Y., Kim, S.Y., Kwon, H.J., Park, S.A. (2021). Horticultural therapy program for mental health of prisoners: Case report. Integrative Medicine Research, 100495. [DOI:10.1016/j.imr.2020.100495]
37. Lee, S.M., Moon, J.H., Jeong, S.J., Lee, Y.J. (2013). Effects of horticultural therapy pro-gram focusing on cultivating activities for prisoners scheduled to be released on depression and salivary cortisol. Journal of Korean Society of People, Plants and Environmental, 16, 173-180. [DOI:10.11628/ksppe.2013.16.4.173]
38. Lohr, V.I. (2010). What are the benefits of plants indoors and why do we respond positively to them? Acta Horticulturae, 881, 675-682. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.881.111]
39. Lohr, V.I., Pearson-Mims, C.H. (1996). Particulate matter accumulation on horizontal surfaces in interiors: Influence of foliage plants. Atmospheric Environmental, 30, 2565-2568. [DOI:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00465-3]
40. Matsuo, E. (2004). Humanity in horticulture-healing and pleasure. Acta Horticulture, 790, 39-44. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.790.3]
41. Rai, S.K., Yazdany, J., Fortin, P.R., Avina-Zubieta, J.A. (2015). Approaches for estimating minimal clinically important differences in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Research Therapy, 17,143. [DOI:10.1186/s13075-015-0658-6]
42. Relf, D. (2008). Historical perspective on theoretical models for research and program development in horticultural therapy. Acta Horticulture, 775, 79-91. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.775.9]
43. Sadeghi, S., Abedi, M.H. (2015). The effect of plants on humans in combination with the architecture of residential houses. National Conference on Iranian-Islamic Architecture and Urban Planning (in Persian).
44. Smith, V.D., Aldous, D.E. (1994). Effect of Therapeutic Horticulture on the Self-concept of the Mildly Intellectually Disabled Student. In: Francis, M., Lindsey, P., Rice, JC. (eds). The Healing Dimensions of People-plant Relations. Center for Design Research. UC Davis.
45. Son, K.C., Jung, S.J., Lee, A.Y., Park, S.A. (2016). The theoretical model and universal definition of horticultural therapy. Acta Horticulture, 26, 79-88. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1121.12]
46. Ulrich, R.S. (1979). Visual landscapes and psychological well-being. Landscape Research, 4, 17-23. [DOI:10.1080/01426397908705892]
47. Ulrich, R.S. (1981). Natural versus urban scenes. Environmental Behavior, 13, 523-556. [DOI:10.1177/0013916581135001]
48. Zajaji, N., Nikbakht, A., Kafi, M. (2014). Principles of designing medical areas with emphasis on the components of healing gardens, medical gardens and Iranian gardens. Environmental Science and Technology, 13, 317-306. (In Persian).
49. Asadollahe, M., Rafezi, Z. (2021). Evaluation of Psychological Effects of Coronavirus and Subsequent Quarantine on Children with Using Drawing Tests: a case study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2, 121-131. (Persian).
50. Barton, J., Pretty, J. (2010). What is the best does of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis. Environment Science & Technology, 44, 39-47. [DOI:10.1021/es903183r]
51. Bringslimark, T., Hartig, T., Patil, G.G. (2009). The psychological benefits of indoor plants: A critical review of the experimental literature. Journal of Environmental Psychology 29, 422-433. [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.05.001]
52. Chi, S.H. (2012). Effect of horticultural therapy on mental health of prison inmates. Journal of Korean Society People Plants Environmental, 15, 441-447. [DOI:10.11628/ksppe.2012.15.6.441]
53. Dijkstra, K., Pieterse, M.E., Pruyn, A. (2008). Stress-reducing effects of indoor plants in the built healthcare environment: The mediating role of perceived attractiveness. Preventive Medicine, 47, 279-283. [DOI:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.013]
54. Dravigne, A., Waliczek, T.M., Lineberger, R.D. (2008). The effect of live plants and window views of green spaces on perceptions of job satisfaction. Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 43, 183-187. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.43.1.183]
55. Flateaua, C., Noël, C., Bonnafoux, A., Fuentes, E., de Pontfarcy, A., Diamantis, S. (2021). Psychological impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on the staff of a French hospital. Infectious Diseases Now, 51, 187-193. [DOI:10.1016/j.idnow.2021.01.007]
56. Hartig, T., Evans, G.W., Jamner, L.D. (2009). Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 109-23. [DOI:10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00109-3]
57. Kaiser, M. (1996). Alternative to therapy: garden program. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 33, 21-24. [DOI:10.1080/15374417609532706]
58. Kaplan, R. (1997). Some psychological benefits of gardening. Environment and Behavior, 55, 145-162. [DOI:10.1177/001391657300500202]
59. Karbakhsh Ravari, H., Ghiasinejad, Z., Soltaninejad, S. (2016). The effect of flowers and plants on the mental state of people in urban environments. 8th Conference on New Research in Science and Technology (in Persian).
60. Lee, A.Y., Kim, S.Y., Kwon, H.J., Park, S.A. (2021). Horticultural therapy program for mental health of prisoners: Case report. Integrative Medicine Research, 100495. [DOI:10.1016/j.imr.2020.100495]
61. Lee, S.M., Moon, J.H., Jeong, S.J., Lee, Y.J. (2013). Effects of horticultural therapy pro-gram focusing on cultivating activities for prisoners scheduled to be released on depression and salivary cortisol. Journal of Korean Society of People, Plants and Environmental, 16, 173-180. [DOI:10.11628/ksppe.2013.16.4.173]
62. Lohr, V.I. (2010). What are the benefits of plants indoors and why do we respond positively to them? Acta Horticulturae, 881, 675-682. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.881.111]
63. Lohr, V.I., Pearson-Mims, C.H. (1996). Particulate matter accumulation on horizontal surfaces in interiors: Influence of foliage plants. Atmospheric Environmental, 30, 2565-2568. [DOI:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00465-3]
64. Matsuo, E. (2004). Humanity in horticulture-healing and pleasure. Acta Horticulture, 790, 39-44. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.790.3]
65. Rai, S.K., Yazdany, J., Fortin, P.R., Avina-Zubieta, J.A. (2015). Approaches for estimating minimal clinically important differences in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Research Therapy, 17,143. [DOI:10.1186/s13075-015-0658-6]
66. Relf, D. (2008). Historical perspective on theoretical models for research and program development in horticultural therapy. Acta Horticulture, 775, 79-91. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.775.9]
67. Sadeghi, S., Abedi, M.H. (2015). The effect of plants on humans in combination with the architecture of residential houses. National Conference on Iranian-Islamic Architecture and Urban Planning (in Persian).
68. Smith, V.D., Aldous, D.E. (1994). Effect of Therapeutic Horticulture on the Self-concept of the Mildly Intellectually Disabled Student. In: Francis, M., Lindsey, P., Rice, JC. (eds). The Healing Dimensions of People-plant Relations. Center for Design Research. UC Davis.
69. Son, K.C., Jung, S.J., Lee, A.Y., Park, S.A. (2016). The theoretical model and universal definition of horticultural therapy. Acta Horticulture, 26, 79-88. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1121.12]
70. Ulrich, R.S. (1979). Visual landscapes and psychological well-being. Landscape Research, 4, 17-23. [DOI:10.1080/01426397908705892]
71. Ulrich, R.S. (1981). Natural versus urban scenes. Environmental Behavior, 13, 523-556. [DOI:10.1177/0013916581135001]
72. Zajaji, N., Nikbakht, A., Kafi, M. (2014). Principles of designing medical areas with emphasis on the components of healing gardens, medical gardens and Iranian gardens. Environmental Science and Technology, 13, 317-306. (In Persian).
73. Asadollahe, M., Rafezi, Z. (2021). Evaluation of Psychological Effects of Coronavirus and Subsequent Quarantine on Children with Using Drawing Tests: a case study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2, 121-131. (Persian).
74. Barton, J., Pretty, J. (2010). What is the best does of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis. Environment Science & Technology, 44, 39-47. [DOI:10.1021/es903183r]
75. Bringslimark, T., Hartig, T., Patil, G.G. (2009). The psychological benefits of indoor plants: A critical review of the experimental literature. Journal of Environmental Psychology 29, 422-433. [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.05.001]
76. Chi, S.H. (2012). Effect of horticultural therapy on mental health of prison inmates. Journal of Korean Society People Plants Environmental, 15, 441-447. [DOI:10.11628/ksppe.2012.15.6.441]
77. Dijkstra, K., Pieterse, M.E., Pruyn, A. (2008). Stress-reducing effects of indoor plants in the built healthcare environment: The mediating role of perceived attractiveness. Preventive Medicine, 47, 279-283. [DOI:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.013]
78. Dravigne, A., Waliczek, T.M., Lineberger, R.D. (2008). The effect of live plants and window views of green spaces on perceptions of job satisfaction. Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 43, 183-187. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.43.1.183]
79. Flateaua, C., Noël, C., Bonnafoux, A., Fuentes, E., de Pontfarcy, A., Diamantis, S. (2021). Psychological impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on the staff of a French hospital. Infectious Diseases Now, 51, 187-193. [DOI:10.1016/j.idnow.2021.01.007]
80. Hartig, T., Evans, G.W., Jamner, L.D. (2009). Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 109-23. [DOI:10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00109-3]
81. Kaiser, M. (1996). Alternative to therapy: garden program. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 33, 21-24. [DOI:10.1080/15374417609532706]
82. Kaplan, R. (1997). Some psychological benefits of gardening. Environment and Behavior, 55, 145-162. [DOI:10.1177/001391657300500202]
83. Karbakhsh Ravari, H., Ghiasinejad, Z., Soltaninejad, S. (2016). The effect of flowers and plants on the mental state of people in urban environments. 8th Conference on New Research in Science and Technology (in Persian).
84. Lee, A.Y., Kim, S.Y., Kwon, H.J., Park, S.A. (2021). Horticultural therapy program for mental health of prisoners: Case report. Integrative Medicine Research, 100495. [DOI:10.1016/j.imr.2020.100495]
85. Lee, S.M., Moon, J.H., Jeong, S.J., Lee, Y.J. (2013). Effects of horticultural therapy pro-gram focusing on cultivating activities for prisoners scheduled to be released on depression and salivary cortisol. Journal of Korean Society of People, Plants and Environmental, 16, 173-180. [DOI:10.11628/ksppe.2013.16.4.173]
86. Lohr, V.I. (2010). What are the benefits of plants indoors and why do we respond positively to them? Acta Horticulturae, 881, 675-682. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.881.111]
87. Lohr, V.I., Pearson-Mims, C.H. (1996). Particulate matter accumulation on horizontal surfaces in interiors: Influence of foliage plants. Atmospheric Environmental, 30, 2565-2568. [DOI:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00465-3]
88. Matsuo, E. (2004). Humanity in horticulture-healing and pleasure. Acta Horticulture, 790, 39-44. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.790.3]
89. Rai, S.K., Yazdany, J., Fortin, P.R., Avina-Zubieta, J.A. (2015). Approaches for estimating minimal clinically important differences in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Research Therapy, 17,143. [DOI:10.1186/s13075-015-0658-6]
90. Relf, D. (2008). Historical perspective on theoretical models for research and program development in horticultural therapy. Acta Horticulture, 775, 79-91. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.775.9]
91. Sadeghi, S., Abedi, M.H. (2015). The effect of plants on humans in combination with the architecture of residential houses. National Conference on Iranian-Islamic Architecture and Urban Planning (in Persian).
92. Smith, V.D., Aldous, D.E. (1994). Effect of Therapeutic Horticulture on the Self-concept of the Mildly Intellectually Disabled Student. In: Francis, M., Lindsey, P., Rice, JC. (eds). The Healing Dimensions of People-plant Relations. Center for Design Research. UC Davis.
93. Son, K.C., Jung, S.J., Lee, A.Y., Park, S.A. (2016). The theoretical model and universal definition of horticultural therapy. Acta Horticulture, 26, 79-88. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1121.12]
94. Ulrich, R.S. (1979). Visual landscapes and psychological well-being. Landscape Research, 4, 17-23. [DOI:10.1080/01426397908705892]
95. Ulrich, R.S. (1981). Natural versus urban scenes. Environmental Behavior, 13, 523-556. [DOI:10.1177/0013916581135001]
96. Zajaji, N., Nikbakht, A., Kafi, M. (2014). Principles of designing medical areas with emphasis on the components of healing gardens, medical gardens and Iranian gardens. Environmental Science and Technology, 13, 317-306. (In Persian).
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA

XML   Persian Abstract   Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Zangeneh M, Salehi Z, Salehi Salmi M. The Role of Houseplants in Reducing Depression during COVID-19 Quarantine. FOP 2022; 7 (1) :63-76
URL: http://flowerjournal.ir/article-1-227-en.html
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Spring and Summer 2022) Back to browse issues page
گل و گیاهان زینتی Flower and Ornamental Plants
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.05 seconds with 37 queries by YEKTAWEB 4660